Section 2 Printing Industry in the Controlled Area of ​​the National Government
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Japanese imperialists attempted to destroy China, so they inflicted a large number of troops into the country, causing the National Government’s controlled area to gradually shrink from north to south. First Beiping, Tianjin, Nanjing, and Shanghai. The industrial cities along the coast of the Yangtze River have successively fallen and a large number of factories have moved in. At that time, the country’s largest industrial city, Shanghai, had a total of 1,255 factories, accounting for nearly one-third of the total number of factories in the country. In order to save enterprises from looting, many capitalists out of patriotic enthusiasm have rushed to discuss the move. The Nationalist Government also decided to demolish the factory in Shanghai in order to preserve the country’s construction strength and the supply of military supplies after the start of the War of Resistance. Lin Junyong and three other people were sent to Shanghai to negotiate with the industrial community for inward migration. On July 30, 1937, the Shanghai Machine Hardware Association held a meeting of the executive committee and made a decision to "demolition and inward movement and to go to the national crisis." The meeting elected Yan Yaoqiu and Hu Yuwen as representatives and accompanied by Lin Jiyong went to Nanjing to negotiate with the National Government about the specific implementation measures and relocation costs. On August 10th, the 324th meeting of the Executive Yuan of the Nationalist Government decided to demolish the Shanghai factory and use the Resources Committee as the sponsor. Together with the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Military Affairs, and the Ministry of Industry, the Shanghai Factory Relocation Supervision Committee was formed. Lin Jiyong was the chairman of the committee and was presided over in Shanghai. Relocation of the factory, and the resources committee allocated 560,000 yuan as relocation allowance. On August 12th, the factory joint relocation committee was established in Shanghai. Yan Yaoqiu, Hu Yuwen, and Zhi Bingyuan were the deputy directors. They made the following decisions on the implementation steps:
(1) Designate the relocation parts and materials of each factory as the concentration place near Xujiapeng in Wuchang, then go west to Yichang and Chongqing, go north to Xi'an and Xianyang, and then go to Yueyang and Changsha to the south; Guangdong's factories will move to Guangxi and Yunnan.
(2) The mechanical parts of Shanghai Nanhai Factory will be concentrated in Minhang, Beixinjing or Nanshi; the people in Zhabei, Hongkou and Yangshupu will first pack to the concession and be transported by land from the Suzhou Creek or Nanshi.
(3) Where the parts, materials, semi-finished products, tools, etc., are reviewed by the Migration Committee, the shipping charges are to be paid. If the factory rushes to transport parts, such as in the dangerous zone, may not be pending inspection, shipped from the ship.
The inland migration activities including the printing presses of the Commercial Press and the Zhonghua Book Company are inland migration activities organized by the government and the private sector, organized and planned. On August 12, the factory's joint relocation committee was established. On the next day, the "April 13" Incident of Japanese invaders in Shanghai broke out. Forcing the in-plant to move in the middle of war, this situation can be imagined, and is one of the major feats during the modern Chinese anti-Japanese war. For this inland movement, the Japanese military indiscriminately bombarded along the way, causing many equipment materials to blow up and destroy on the way to the inland. The printing equipment shipped from the Commercial Press to Chongqing was sunk in the Dongting Lake.
During the Anti-Japanese War, the large-scale inward migration of factories caused the industrialization of the original coastal and industrial cities along the river to decline. The industries in the Mainland, including the printing industry, have been rapidly developed and prospered.
I. Guilin's printing industry
Shanghai Ta Kung Pao dated May 18, 1947 published the article "Recalling Guilin - Wartime Publishing City" written by Zhao Jialu, a famous and famous publisher. The article points out: "Spiritual food - books, 80% is produced by it (according to: Guilin), so it is said that Guilin is a cultural city, it is better to say that it is more appropriate for the publishing city." Zhao Jialu's words show that Guilin, known as a “cultural city†during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, became famous throughout the country. The cultural undertaking centered on publishing has achieved rapid development, and the printing industry is bound to flourish.
Guilin is located at the border and has poor traffic. The printing industry was also very backward before the war. Only 3 printing companies were able to print books. There was one printing company in the newspapers, and the rest were lithographs and other manual printing workshops that could only print parts and social prints. (Table 15-1). There are less than 30 in total. Guilin, which is so backward in the printing industry, has developed into a nationally famous cultural city in a short period of time. Naturally, it has its own special reasons and conditions.
Table 15-11 Statistical Table of Guilin Printing Industry Printing Factory in 938
Name Machine Equipment Factory Machine Equipment Guangxi Printing Lead Rubber Eraser Guangxi Daily Xu Jingtai Printing Bureau Four-Board Two Disc Machine Two Huaguang Printing Bureau Four-Boot Four Disc Machine One Chinese Wenzhou Printing Bureau four boot a disc machine an elegant printing bureau four boot a disc machine two Kai Wen Printing Bureau four boot two disc machine a Grand View Printing Bureau to boot two disc machine two Sheng Shengchang Printing Bureau four boot a disc machineAfter the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, Guangzhou, and other coastal cities where the printing industry was relatively developed have fallen. Guilin, due to its geographic location, has become a large rear of culture. On the one hand, printing companies in Shanghai, Wuhan, and Guangzhou have all moved to Guilin. On the one hand, Chinese cultural celebrities gathered in Guilin, where they raised funds to set up publishing houses and set up printing institutions. From the accelerated development in 1939, by 1940, Guilin's publishing and printing industry had become quite prosperous. At that time, Guixi Road (now Jiefangxi Road) was almost all bookstores and was called "Bookshop Street." At the same time, there are also many publishing and printing agencies operating in other parts of the city. According to statistics from the Party History Office of the CPC Guilin, in the period of the Anti-Japanese War, Guilin successively opened more than 180 bookstores and publishing houses, with 205 periodical magazines. The printing factories were 109 in 1943 (Table 15-2). Table 15-2 is taken from pp. 244-249 of the Second Series of China's History of Printing History. It is a copy of the “Printing Industry of Guilin†annexed table. The famous Guangxi printing factory and three households were not listed in the table. Printing factory, somehow. This book was compiled by the Printing and Printing Branch of the Shanghai New Fourth Army Historical Society. Among the 109 printing plants, there are 8 bookmaking factories, 18 book editions and other printings, and the monthly word capacity is 30 to 40 million words. Compared with before and after the war of resistance, it can be described as a moment. See "China's Modern History of Modern Academics Symposium Collection", p. 292, Wang Jing, "The Guilin Cultural City's publishing career has written a glorious chapter in the history of China's modern publishing," China Book Publishing House, 1990 edition. At the time, Guilin’s bookstores and publishing houses were well-known as Life Bookstores, New Knowledge Bookstores, Reading Life Publishing Houses, Cultural Supply Companies, Xinhua Daily Business Departments, Sanhu Library, Commercial Press, Zhonghua Bookstore, Kaiming Bookstore, and Shanghai Magazine Company. Cultural Life Publishing House, Liangyou Fuxing Book Company, Lixin Accounting Books Supply Company, Zhengzhong Bookstore, and Babbitt Bookstore, etc.; larger-scale printing companies include Shanghai Scientific Printing Factory, Hankou China Printing House, Guoguang Printing Factory, and Hengyang Yuenan Printing Bureau. , Military Training Department Printing Factory, Sanhu Printing Factory, Qinji Southwest Printing Factory, Guangxi Printing Factory, etc. According to the investigation materials of 1944, the number of employees in more than 30 printing plants such as science printing factories, construction printing factories, Zhechen Printing Company, Sanhu Printing Factory, and Wenfeng Printing Factory had nearly 1,000 employees at that time, and the capital increased compared with that before the war. More than 50 times, the equipment already has the latest rotary presses, full-scale Miriam machines, three-color platform machines, multicolored flat printers, Thomson's caster, three-sided knife cutters and photo plates, bronzing lines and so on. According to statistics from June 1943, the city had more than 50 sets of printing presses, more than 60 sets of four presses, 40 million words per month, and 10,000 printed papers; 295 titles of various periodicals and more than 1,970 titles of books. See Chinese Modern History of Printing, pp. 439, 440, Printing Industry Press, 1995.
During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the most famous printing companies in Guilin were the San Hu Printing Factory, the Qinji Southwest Printing Factory, and the Guangxi Printing Factory. among them:
Sanhu Printing Factory, formerly Feng Yuxiang was founded in Hankou in 1938 and later moved to Guilin. In the spring of 1941, Shen Yueru, Zou Yanfen and Feng Yuxiang of the bookstore in the world agreed to work together. By the end of 1942, about 100 employees had been employed. The equipment includes a full sheet platform machine, a split platform machine and a disc machine. Printed bookstores published at the time were bookstores published by the bookstore, and books such as "Anti-Japanese War Talk Collection" and "Anti-Japanese War Poetry Collection" written by Feng Yuxiang, and "Xinhua Daily" and "The Masses" published by Chongqing and other places.
Guangxi Printing Factory is an advanced printing equipment and a large-scale printing factory in Guangxi. Originally founded in 1907, Guangxi Bureau of Bookkeeping. With printing equipment, more than 200 employees.
Table 15-21 Statistics of Guilin Printing Industry in 943
Factory name Factory owner or manager's fund Year of the month Factory name Factory owner or manager's money Date of establishment Science Sungai Gong 200,0001939.1 Construction$(function(){ $("#article img").attr("style","display: block;margin: 0 auto;"); })
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