NASA's Voyager 1 detector seems to have entered a "stagnation zone" between the edge of the solar system and interstellar space. In this area, the solar wind particles slow down or even return. There seems to be a phenomenon of high-energy particles escaping outward, and the solar magnetic field is accumulated here. This schematic diagram shows the current position of Voyager One. It can be seen that the inner boundary of this so-called "stagnation zone" is roughly 113 astronomical units away from the sun, which is about 16.9 billion kilometers; Has reached 119 astronomical units, about 17.8 billion kilometers. However, it is still unknown how far the outer edge of this transition zone is. Here, the so-called astronomical unit (AU) refers to the average distance between the earth and the sun, which is about 150 million kilometers. It is often used by astronomers as a unit scale to describe a small distance.
On December 8th, Beijing time, NASA's Voyager 1 probe has entered a new area between the edge of the solar system and interstellar space. The data it returned last year shows that this is a transition zone: the charged particles (so-called "solar wind") emitted from the sun begin to decelerate here, and the solar magnetic field is blocked here and appears to accumulate. The high-energy particles inside the solar system seem to be “escaping†through this zone into the vast interstellar space outside.
Ed Stone, a professor at the California Institute of Technology and a senior scientist in the Voyager exploration project, said: "Data from the Voyager probe tells us that it has reached an edge transition zone around a huge bubble around the sun. The information currently being sent back by travelers is telling us some clues about this transition zone and the interstellar space outside this region. It wo n’t take long before we will have the first opportunity to understand what the space environment between stars looks like. . "
Although the Voyager 1 probe is currently more than 18 billion kilometers away from the sun, it has not yet reached real interstellar space. In the data it recently sent back, it can be seen that the direction of the solar magnetic field in the area still shows no signs of twisting, which shows that Voyager 1 is still located inside the heliosphere. The so-called heliosphere is a large amount of electricity. A bubble-like area formed by the particles around the sun is a barrier that separates the sun from the rest of the universe. The current data does not allow scientists to judge how long it will take the Voyager 1 probe to actually cross the edge of the solar system and enter the interstellar space for the first time, but scientists generally believe that this time is coming, and may be Within a few months or a year.
Scientists of the Voyager exploration project reported on the findings at the American Geophysical Union ’s annual meeting held in San Francisco recently. They said that the Voyager probe was equipped with low-energy charged particle detection equipment, cosmic ray subsystems and magnetic strength. The meter provides useful data.
In April last year, the project team scientists once announced that they observed that the Voyager probe seemed to enter a strange area, where the speed of the solar wind gradually decreased to zero, which means that the probe has entered a new area. Later, the detector administrator ordered the spacecraft to perform multiple flipping operations during April and summer of this year, aiming the detection equipment at different directions to detect, so that scientists can judge whether this deceleration of the solar wind is an illusion, or maybe they are just changes. Orientation? But the result of the probe is negative. It seems that the Voyager 1 detector did enter an unusual "stagnation" area, which is a bit like the equatorial windless zone on the earth, between two hemispheres, the wind is very weak.
In the past year, the magnetometer carried by Voyager has also made an unusual discovery. It has measured that in this "windless zone", the strength of the solar magnetic field has almost doubled. It's like using a cluster of cars at the junction of a freeway down the highway. The magnetic field enhancement shown in this transition area shows that the particle flow from the outer interstellar space is squeezing the bubbles that the sun "blows out" inward.
The Voyager probe has been measuring solar wind intensity from the inner solar system to the outer solar system and the edge of the solar system for more than 30 years. Until mid-2010, the measured solar wind particle intensity has been very stable. But last year it found that the distribution density of these particles began to decline, and it looks like they are "leaking" into interstellar space. The particle density measured in this area is only about half of the average of the previous five years. At the same time, the instruments on the probe measured that the distribution density of high-energy electrons from the outer interstellar space infiltrating into the interior of the solar system has increased by more than 100 times, which is itself evidence that this area is a transition zone of the solar system edge.
Rob Decker is a scientist at Johns Hopkins University and a low-energy charged particle device scientist at the Voyager probe. He said: "We use the intensity of the charged particle flow in the space around the Voyager 1 probe. As a wind vane, to judge the speed of the solar wind. We found that the solar wind speed in this area is very low and behaves strangely. We even detected the phenomenon of solar wind backflow for the first time. Obviously we have entered a completely new area. Scientists long ago We have predicted that there should be a 'stagnation zone' at the edge of the solar system, but we are not sure whether it really exists, but now we can finally give a positive answer. "
Voyager 1 and 2 are a pair of legendary twin detectors. They were launched in 1977 and are still in good working condition more than 30 years later. Voyager 1's sister Voyager 2 is also running on the edge of the solar system, 15 billion kilometers away from the sun.
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