During the Qing dynasty, Guangzhou was the center of Sino-Western maritime cultural exchanges. Over 2,000 years of maritime Silk Road history, Guangzhou is considered the only port in the world to be longstanding compared to other coastal ports. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the sea ban was banned in Guangzhou. For a long time, Guangzhou was in a situation of trade. A large number of European arts and culture flooded into Guangzhou after the sea ban was closed during the reign of Emperor Kangxi, of which the most sought after by the dynastic dignitaries was enamel. This inlaid metal enamel pattern, the appearance of smooth with a unique rounded luster and texture, revealing the color is full and full of tension, to the Qing court brought an unprecedented visual arts feast. According to legend, the enamel table was introduced into China from the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Italian missionary Matteo Ricci opened the ancient oriental civilization for the Emperor of Ming Dynasty. After Kangxi forty-six years, the Swiss Francois Louis Stadlin came to China, made a lot of beautiful enamel table for the royal family, by the Emperor Kangxi appreciation, became the palace famous watchmaker, and set up their own watch trade in Guangzhou the company. Enamel watch later also by the Yongzheng, Qianlong two emperors love, Emperor Qianlong is more like the ancient calligraphy and painting applied to the enamel watch decoration, in pursuit of the perfect combination of art and art of enamel watches and clocks. This led to the pride of the entire royal family in order to obtain a few pieces of Western enamel and pride, Guangdong officials often do good art to do enamel watches sent to Beijing. One can imagine, at that time, China has become the world's largest watch market. Western watch manufacturers also began to meet the tastes of the Qing royal family Jia design watches and clocks, to produce a large number of enamel watches with oriental culture, the achievements of the most glorious history of the enameled watches in China. (Copper-plated bronze tweezers as a clock, for the Qianlong period made in Guangzhou, a representative of clockwork.) In the early days of Qianlong, Guangzhou already had its own self-made chime bell. In the Qianlong era, "Guangzhou Chronicles-Volume 48" records: "Since the bell was originally from the West, the cable transit machine (a little late sesame linked to the originator's meaning) Ming, 12 o'clock day and night are all kinds of people can do, but not the delicate West ". "But not as sophisticated as the West" I am afraid this is only limited enamel it, however, this absolute European-owned special art has not maintained long, "Guangzhou filigree enamel" was born. In today's Palace Museum, we can still find many beautiful Qianlong years making "Guangzhou filigree enamel" clock. (The picture shows the filigree enamel production process: twisting copper wire into a pattern) The so-called cloisonné enamel, copper tire on the first pattern by the copper wire to performance: the copper wire twists into a pattern, welded into the copper embryo, and then different colors of enamel glaze filled to the outlined outline, these enamels The glaze consists of ground ores and metal oxides. The metal pieces into the special temperature of 850 to 900 degrees Celsius roasting, the glaze will change color due to high temperatures, firing a bright color. The "filigree enamel in Guangzhou" table has absorbed the exquisite technology of the western clock, and integrates the national style, filigree return to the song lively, dense and compact; copper-plated gold embedded, bright and lively color, pleasant and warm. (Earl count dial enamel production) (The chart shows Anita and Piaget's Earl Fung table below the crested location AP for Anita works signature.) Enamel Cai its process is not a single "filigree enamel", such as the public easily overlooked "plain enamel" and process more complex "painting enamel." "Plain enamel", as the name implies enamel plate as a whole color, but do not think that a single color is easy to make; we all know, natural jade flawless jade does not exist, the Creator can not avoid the error, and a A good enamel teacher will do it. Requires the dial color to achieve a high standard of consistent glazing repeated baking, so that the color of the baking out of saturation and mellow. (The picture shows the enamel making process) Some people say that "filigree enamel" is not difficult, a skilled enamel can be completed, and "enamel" is called the hardest kind of enamel process, was listed as Geneva one of the seven watchmaking . Because of the complexity of the manufacturing process and the low success rate, fewer and fewer people are capable of making a good enamel table and fewer than 5 enamel masters can be named. If you know a little about the enamel table, then you absolutely have heard Anita (Anita Porchet) the world's top enamel master; and Anita is the only one did not specialize in what brand of enameled masters, works of art Across Patek Philippe, Vacheron Constantin, Earl and Hermes and other top brands, each piece has its own signature "A.Porchet" or AP (A.Porchet is more rare than AP, higher value), these brands never before This is the case, so to speak, the world's top watchmakers to pay tribute to the world's top enamel master (Imperial Palace Museum, a senior researcher who has evaluated the value of enamel table: evaluation of an enamel table is good or bad, must be characterized by emphasis: enamel table, that is Enamel watch decorated with workmanship, mechanical properties must also be used as a good criterion for the evaluation of the enamel table.And personally think that the third question, calendar, tourbillon these super-complex technology emphasizes watchmakers mastery of technology, The enamel is a kind of art above the technical, emphasizing the art of art, precisely at this point, not only test the big Skills, is more of a master painted enamel talent test. Perhaps these values ​​are hard to please watch for most people, but I still take care of that.) (In 2012, Anita and Hermes launched "Lady Knight" pocket watch.) (Metiers d'Art Florileges by Vacheron Constantin in 2013 with Anita and Vacheron Constantin) Of course, there are other brands doing this, such as Glashütte and Mason porcelain (Mason porcelain is called the Rolls-Royce porcelain industry, Mason porcelain has always been the European royal family, celebrities and politicians chasing the object, the price has been expensive as gold Until now I still can not tell which of these two brands is more powerful), Glashütte and Mason's watch models will have Mason logo "Blue Sword confrontation." Naturally, a master can be compared with a top brand, the influence can be imagined. (The 2007 Senator Meissen series introduced by Glashütte in Basel in 2007, (In 2007, Xiong Songtao, the third generation of Xiong enamel, launched the "Butterfly Love Flower" watch with Beijing Watches.) (On the chart in 2013, Xiong Songtao, the third generation of Xiong's enamel, is in collaboration with Beijing Watches, watch dial.) (Xiong's enamel third generation Xiong Song Tao) To say that China also has Xiong Songtao Xiong Songtao, the third generation of Xiong's enamel, and Guangzhou painted enamel Yang Zhifeng. The former is good at filigree enamel while the latter is good at painting enamel. Mr. Xiong Songtao is currently the only enamel master who can customize dials for European high-end watch brands. At the Basel Watch & Jewelery 2007 in Switzerland, "Xiong's enamel" cooperated with Beijing Watch Factory to complete the first section in the world Silver blank pinch gold enamel splint tourbillon watch - "Butterfly Love Flower." The data shows that the enamel patterns of all the parts on this piece of work have been processed through more than 40 procedures such as making blanks, filing, sintering, polishing, enamelling, re-sintering and then grinding. After more than 10 times 800 degrees Celsius Roasted in order to appear magnificent colors and flowers competing effect. In Guangzhou, Mr. Yang Zhifeng combines the traditional enamel and filigree enamel process in Guangzhou to create a "colorful enamel" with elegant and comfortable scenery. The blending of northern and southern styles makes the painting color warmer and more delicate. As the first place of enamel in the West, Guangzhou, the artistic value of its history can not be ignored. (Figure micro-painted enamel table, pocket watch, watch one) (Figure named "Shanghai Woman" broadcast Granville three asked, tourbillon micro-painted enamel table, pocket watch, watch one) When it comes to "painting enamel", I have to mention a historical watch brand, broadcast Granville. This brand is also inextricably linked with Guangzhou. Early 19th century, European enamel watches in China's market matures, European watch factories have also set up watch trading company in China. In 1818, Edouard, a Swissman working for the Magnian Company of the United Kingdom, came to Guangzhou, China and found that Western enamel watches were highly sought after by China's elite for the establishment of the Swiss Watch brand in Guangzhou, China in 1822 (the Qing dynasty) The Qing royal family made a variety of Queen enamel painted pocket watch. At that time, the whole of China had already realized the importance of western mechanical technology. In particular, it was especially admirable for such miniature mechanical movement with the interesting and interesting outside. This is also what we know today as the "big eight" Destroyed the beginning of Shenzhou. It is worth mentioning that, at that time, Li Hongzhang, minister of the Qing imperial government, was also a fan of broadcast prestige watches. (Seagate panda micro-painted enamel drill table, white tiger micro-painted enamel drill table) In December 2012, Broadcasting Watch and the China Collection Council held the "Broadcasting of Chinese Clock Collectors" held at the Yihe Villa in Guangzhou. It was also the first time that Broadcasting once again recalled Guangzhou after 190 years. I was fortunate enough to be invited. Chang Wei, a watch and clock scholar with preacher of watch culture, interprets the charm of Dresser. Hard to believe that the gorgeous shape, the movement complex, enamel famous clock brand, claiming that there is no less than 100,000 yuan watches the brand, the real unique is not super-complicated watch the three major technologies, but lies in the dial Micro-painted enamel. Every dial is portrayed by art masters with unique craftsmanship, each of which takes three to six months. Enamel originated in ancient Greece, is not only a history of nostalgia, or the deposition of a culture of crafts, and compact timekeeping tools encounter in this square dial, the interpretation of the magic of the art of Pierre, 400 years ago, Into Guangzhou, knocked on China's door.