Inkjet printing technology is a non-contact printing technique in which ink droplets are ejected directly through a small orifice of a nozzle to a specific position on the surface of a printing medium to form an image. Inkjet printing technology has the characteristics of simple operation, high printing precision and fast printing speed. Inkjet conductive ink is one of the important elements of inkjet printing technology. According to the properties of conductive materials, it can be divided into inorganic inkjet conductive ink and organic inkjet conductive ink. Inorganic inkjet conductive inks mainly use metals, metal oxides and carbon as conductive materials, among which nano silver conductive inks are the most widely studied and used.
The conductivity of copper is comparable to that of silver, but the price is much lower than that of silver, which has broad prospects for development. In order to reduce the cost of conductive inks, inkjet conductive inks using nano-copper as a medium have been rapidly developed in the past few years. However, inkjet conductive inks using nano-copper as a medium are easily oxidized in the air and are easily agglomerated when used. In order to solve this problem, some scholars have proposed a particle-free conductive ink and tried to apply it to inkjet printing.
This article will focus on the formulation of copper-based particle-free inkjet conductive ink. By changing the type of solvent in the ink formulation and adjusting the ratio of reducing agent, the optimal formulation of copper-based particle-free inkjet conductive ink is obtained, which provides practical production. Useful reference.
Experimental part
1. Experimental materials and instruments
Experimental materials: anhydrous copper sulfate, ammonia water, formic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), ethylene glycol, distilled water.
Experimental equipment: electronic balance, magnetic stirrer, digital viscometer, automatic table / interface tension meter, pH meter box type resistance furnace control box, digital four probe tester.
2. Experimental steps
(1) Formulation design
In this paper, anhydrous copper sulfate was selected as the copper source of copper-based particle-free inkjet conductive ink, using distilled water and ethylene glycol as water solvent and alcohol solvent, formic acid as reducing agent and PVP as protective agent. The formulation of the five groups of copper-based particle-free inkjet conductive inks was designed for each of two different solvent types, with the same amount of other substances in the formulation unchanged, as shown in Table 1.
(2) Sample preparation and testing
1 Preparation of a copper ammonia complex solution. Aqueous ammonia water was added dropwise to 10 mL of a 1 mol/L copper sulfate solution, and a pale blue basic copper sulfate was precipitated. The aqueous ammonia was continuously added dropwise until the precipitate completely dissolved, and the dark blue copper-containing complex ion was obtained. a solution; 2 according to the sample formula weighed a certain amount of formic acid and 0.5g PVP, added to 5mL distilled water or ethylene glycol solvent, stir to fully dissolve; 3 the above dark blue solution was added dropwise to the containing formic acid and PVP The mixture was thoroughly stirred to obtain a particle-free inkjet conductive ink sample containing copper ions.
The prepared copper-based particle-free inkjet conductive ink samples were tested for viscosity, surface tension, and pH to determine the optimum formulation.
(3) Preparation of conductive coating
The prepared copper-based particle-free inkjet conductive ink sample was uniformly coated on a glass substrate, and baked in a constant temperature resistance furnace at 150 ° C for 30 minutes to obtain a conductive coating, and then the conductivity of the conductive layer was tested. .
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