Today, cancer targeted therapy and personalized medicine are being promoted in the medical community. To carry out such "gene therapy", sequencing of human genes is essential. The reporter was informed yesterday that the world's first liquid-phase fixed-point gene sequencer came out in the Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park. This instrument can detect gene mutations in samples with cancer cell proportions less than 20%. The gene sequencing technology currently used in hospitals, All require the number of cancer cells to be no less than 40%. Experts from the Shanghai National Engineering Research Center of Biochip said that this invention has broad medical application prospects.
According to researcher Huang Xinhua, gene sequencing is a key technology of the Human Genome Project and is known as the "gold standard" for genetic testing. General gene sequencing mainly includes three steps: first, PCR amplification, the amount of DNA to be detected is copied; second, the sequencing reaction is performed using the Nobel Prize achievement "end termination method"; the third step, the completed gene sequence Perform capillary electrophoresis and then detect the fluorescent signal contained in the DNA to obtain the "code" of the gene sequence.
After years of research, Huang Xinhua found that the third step in the "gold standard" method, "capillary electrophoresis," is not necessary in sequencing specific genes. If in the second step of the "end-stop method" liquid sequencing reaction, the reverse signal of the fluorescence signal-the quenching signal is detected, then the gene code can be cracked without having to pass the gene sequence through the capillary and accept up to 10 hours of Electrophoresis sequencing. According to this innovative idea, Huang Xinhua led the team to invent a new type of instrument-liquid-phase fixed-point gene sequencer, and applied for a national invention patent.
Compared with the traditional gene sequencer, this instrument greatly shortens the time for gene sequencing, from the original dozen hours to a few hours; its sequencing cost is also greatly reduced, only 1/3 of the current sequencer. Moreover, its sequencing sensitivity has increased. When a hospital detects DNA variation in a tumor sample, it usually requires that the proportion of cancer cells in the tumor sample should not be less than 40%, otherwise the test result may be "false negative." This instrument will detect DNA mutations when the proportion of cancer cells is less than 20%.
For this achievement, Zhang Qinghua, a researcher at Shanghai National Engineering Research Center of Biochip, said that it has good application prospects in medical institutions and is suitable for genetic diagnosis of major diseases such as tumors and diabetes, providing accurate treatment for targeted therapy and personalized medicine. Gene sequencing report. It is worth mentioning that gene sequencers and key reagents have been monopolized by American companies. The advent of liquid-phase fixed-point gene sequencers is expected to break this monopoly.
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