How to reduce the cost of books is a matter of concern for each of our publishing workers. As a printing worker, we should be proficient in plate making, printing process, and printing standard of books and periodicals, understand paper specifications and performance, and the production capacity of various printing plants. In the printing work, according to the production capacity of the printing plant, the plate-making printing process and paper materials should be reasonably arranged to reduce the cost of books.
Every book you make requires an overall design by a designer. The designer must design according to the content, nature, the total amount of pictures and texts, and the audience. The cost of books is an important factor in the competition in the book market. Now let's talk about how to reduce the cost of books from the perspective of prepress design.
1. Paper opening
If the format selection is not reasonable, the margin will increase and the effective area of ​​paper will decrease. Books with a lot of short lines, such as a collection of poems in a horizontal format, use a 32 format, with a lot of blanks in the incisions and stapling, and more paper. If you use a long and narrow 36 format, you can save paper. If the format is too small, the number of folds and the loss of light edge material are also greater. In order to facilitate printing and printing, try to use less or less irregular format, which can reduce the cost of printing.
2. Paper materials
Paper materials account for a large proportion of book costs, accounting for more than 40%. Therefore, reasonable selection of paper materials is an important aspect of reducing book costs.
For ordinary books, such as compilations, learning materials, and literary readings, 52g / m2 (hereinafter referred to as 52g) letterpress paper for paperback is sufficient, and 60g or 70g offset paper can be used for hardcover.
Songs and children's books can use 60g paper for monochrome and 80g offset paper for color.
Textbooks generally use 49 ～ 60g letterpress paper; reference book paperbacks use 52g letterpress paper; hardcover books can use 40g dictionary paper; general technical standards can use 80 ～ 120g offset paper.
For pictures and picture albums, generally 80-120g offset paper or 100-128g coated paper; offset paper or coated paper and grammage can be selected according to the fine printing degree and format of the album. New year pictures and publicity pictures generally use 50 ～ 80g single-sided offset paper, picture books use 52 ～ 50g relief paper, and high-grade exquisite small pictures use 256g glass cards.
Magazines usually use 52 ～ 80g paper, monochrome use 60g writing paper or offset paper, and color use 80g double edition paper.
Covers, inserts and interleaf pages for books and magazines: 100 to 150g of paper within 200 pages of the cover, 120 to 180g of paper for more than 200 pages; 80 to 150g of paper for interleaves; interleaf pages generally between 80 and 150g depending on the thickness Optional.
For the same kind of paper, the heavier the gram number, the higher the price, the weight of the body paper increases, and the thickness of the spine also increases. Sometimes, the gram weight and opening number of the cover paper must be adjusted, which will produce a series of joint relationships. Paper costs are often increased.
Choose paper materials carefully, but do not cut corners. For example, printing a fine screen version with ordinary paper will make the layout fuzzy and all will be invalid, resulting in waste. As another example, newsprint can be used for ordinary reading materials, and books that need to be preserved for a long time cannot use newsprint that is easy to weather.
3. Book pages
When assembling the layout, try to avoid zero pages. Because a book has other parts, such as four covers, title pages, preface, catalog, copyright pages, etc., and each part may use different paper, the total number of sides of paper with the same paper type is made up A multiple of 4 is not difficult.
4. Binding form and layout design
Commonly used book binding forms include saddle stitching, flat binding, thread-locking binding, glue binding, etc. The saddle stitching, lock stitching and glue binding can be designed to make the center of the center spread page smaller. If it is a flat book form, the center of the center spread page should be relatively large, because the bookbinding of the flat book book takes about 5mm.
When designing a text draft, the size of the body text, the density of the lines, the width of the space around the head, the occupation of the title and the blank line, etc. are all related to the cost of the book. For example, if a book is a regular 32 format, the original design is a horizontal row of 5 words, each side is lined with 26 words × 25 lines = 650 words, there are 5/8 lines between the lines, and 240,000 words of manuscripts, a total of 370 pages need to be arranged; The arrangement is 26 words × 27 lines = 702 words. There is only 1/2 space between the lines, and only 342 lines need to be arranged; the difference between the two specifications is 28 planes. In all aspects such as number of pages, paper, and binding, we may reduce the cost of books. Of course, it does not mean that the layout is as close as possible, such as children ’s books, the words should not be too small, and the line spacing should not be too narrow; it refers to saving paper materials as much as possible to reduce the cost of the book under the premise of adapting to the content of the manuscript and the audience. .
5. Reasonably determine the cover size
When designing the cover, the design should be based on the size of the finished book, the thickness of the spine, and the size of the mouth. When designing the size of the bezel, it is generally possible to make the bezel slightly larger without wasting paper for printing, and most of them are more than 30mm. However, some cover designers do not understand the paper specifications, opening number and performance of the printing machine. When designing the cover, they do not randomly fix the size of the mouth according to the opening number of the paper. After making the plate, they often do not meet the opening requirements of the paper specifications and cause waste. Now, most book covers need to be covered after printing, which increases the cost of the cover.
For example, a set of books is divided into upper and lower volumes, which are 32 large books. The upper and lower volumes are each about 600 sides, printed on 52g paper, the spine thickness is 22mm, the cover is printed with offset, and the upper and lower volumes are printed 20,000 each. Cover film after printing. Because the designer does not know the paper size, the design mouth is 65mm. Such a large mouth needs to be printed on 787 × 1092 1/16 paper. If the design is based on the paper opening, the mouth is designed to be 40mm. It can be printed on 787 × 1092 1/8 paper. The printing costs, paper and lamination costs of the two actually differ by about RMB 4,000. It can be seen that when designing the cover design, designers should understand the paper specifications and the number of openings, and try to reduce the book cost as much as possible to avoid unnecessary economic losses.
Some covers and front and back ring designs are relatively simple, only a few spot colors are printed, and the printing volume is not large. You can consider making copper-zinc plates during plate making. The printing can be printed with a plate machine. Because the plate printing is a single small sheet printing, it can be used. Flowers bloom, and can also be cut into small sheets for printing. This can improve the utilization rate of paper, and the cost of plate-making printing can also be reduced.
6. Binding materials
When choosing materials for hardcover covers, you should control the use of leather, cotton, hemp, silk, wool and other fabrics. Use tough paper, lacquered paper or varnished cloth as much as possible. Except for special needs, try to avoid the use of real gold foil. Hot stamping materials can be replaced with anodized aluminum, color film, etc. to reduce book costs. More……
7. Printing process
For the general 32 or 16 open single and double color books, if the number of prints is more than 50,000, a rotary printing machine is generally arranged. Because the rotary machine is fast and the printed pages have been folded, the printing cost is lower than that of the flatbed printing machine. However, for books under 50,000 volumes; the lead row can be printed by large automatic, small automatic or eight-page machine; the laser phototype can be printed by BB double-sided offset printing machine. This is a printing machine specializing in books and periodicals. Calculate the printing fee by paper order; or use 01, 08 type monochrome offset printing machine, this offset printing machine is a single-sided printing machine, calculate the printing fee according to the color order. But using BB offset press is faster than monochrome offset press and printing cost is low. For photo albums with higher printing quality requirements, two-color or four-color offset printing machines should be used as far as possible; single-color offset printing machines should be used for printing on large areas such as New Year pictures and front and back rings of books. The printing quality is better.
The printing staff should understand the performance of various printing machines and the calculation standard of the labor price, otherwise, it may use unreasonable printing process with high cost, which will reduce the quality of the book and increase the cost.
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