1=SimSun Keywords Digital Library Breaking Technology Information Needs and Behaviors Information Technology Knowledge Service Classification Number, 250 1 Introduction With the rapid development of information technology, the production and dissemination of document information and service forms have undergone tremendous changes, digital sources The main mechanism However, the current digital library form is only a short period in the long history of information services. The fundamental characteristics of development are sustained and often revolutionary changes. Just as 18, the professor pointed out in the lecture at the Advanced Seminar on the Frontiers of the 2005 Digital Library that the changes in the future of the library world in the past year, we must not only pay attention to the existing capabilities and mechanisms that have been applied to the digital library field. The techniques and methods must also be highly focused on major trends that may undermine and subvert the capabilities and mechanisms we are familiar with. The team's professor pointed out in the influence of the highly impossible events of the black swan. 6. What we don't know beyond the normal expectation has far more impact on us than we already know. Therefore, we must pay close attention to possible destructive or subversive trends, especially those that occur or will occur in the areas we live in, and take the initiative to use these trends for strategic innovation in order to harness development and create a future for ourselves.
2 Destructive technology damage. technology. , 1 mountain to 5, was proposed by Harvard Business School professor Clayton Christensen 3, generally refers to those who help create new value to open up new markets, and gradually or quickly subvert the original market structure to replace the original New technology technology. Of course, technology should be understood in a broad sense, including method tools and mechanisms.
Generally speaking, the destructive technology is relatively simple or low-end in the initial stage. It is often aimed at the customer groups that are ignored by the mainstream market at that time. It is often easier and more convenient to support the customer's goals, often meaning different business models, often New entrants from the market.
Usually 4, the destruction is overworked. 1 is happening in the air destructive technology and its impact on the market is around us. 1 is a comparison based on the Wikipedia related data. 8. In fact, the library's bibliography is occupied by the 0,1 marginalized library journals in the electronic journal database or on the market. There are often quite a few players in the market who compete fiercely and continue to grow. Market leaders continue to improve their technology and methods, and even adopt new technologies to enhance the capabilities and value of existing markets or products. Therefore, in this kind of continuous innovation, the market and its original Some participants are still developing. However, this kind of continuous innovation does not add new types of value, does not create new markets, and because its focus is limited to the original market value and product capabilities, it is often difficult to adapt to changing markets and customers, but may instead More and more divergent. At the same time, technologies for new value new customer groups and their market applications are beginning to emerge. Although there are many shortcomings compared with traditional technologies, even some traditional performance indicators are always insufficient compared with traditional technologies. But they can better adapt to the new customer base and those who are caught in the original market but whose needs are not satisfied, can create new value, create new markets and gradually expand these new markets to more The larger the scope, the sudden lead and occupation of the market, making the original market leader marginalized or even defeated. In fact, in the whole process, the original market leaders may be working hard to develop and continue to innovate, but their previous success has confined them to the original pattern, and success is the mother of failure.
In lieu of, the reference consulting service is challenged by the network encyclopedia and consulting services, etc., and it is a vivid example of the disruptive technology around us to subvert the existing market.
Mainstream technology destructive technology telegraph mobile phone film camera digital camera department store large supermarket, host PC storage floppy flash memory device traditional newspaper web portal and, our market has also begun to show a lot of special attention worthy of deteriorating technology The gap, which is predicated in a crisis that may be subverted, released the research library crisis and systematic change in March 2010,6 and investigated the views of the research library director on the crisis and its possible impact. The horizontal axis of 2 is substituted, and the vertical axis represents the catastrophic effect if the change is likely to occur at the top. It can be seen that most curators believe that the crisis about the value of the library will have a huge impact. In April 2010, the United States Institute of the United States published a library survey 2010, pointing out that in the survey of faculty and staff in 2003 and 2009, it was found that the user’s approval of the library as an information portal gradually declined, and the identity of the library as a storage or preservation institution was basically maintained. Unchanged, the recognition of the library as a purchaser has gradually increased. Moreover, the teaching support and research support services that the library director believes are important have not been widely recognized by the faculty. This situation is certainly an affirmation of the historical responsibility of the library as a collection of institutional knowledge resources, but if the faculty and staff are increasingly inclined to regard the library as a purchaser, this will seriously limit the status and role of the library, and Any change in the publishing and communication model can seriously affect the purchasing role of the library, such as open access.
The author believes that it should be fully realized that the current digital library model is still basically an extension of the traditional library mode, which is the simple service improvement and service expansion of the traditional service value and service market, and still relies on the traditional literature information products. To provide services still to the main (1) service, select the magazine to go home or retrieve the information from the network to read independently and in isolation, the information users still rely mainly on localized resources and their retrieval and access services, the entire operating model Still highly dependent on traditional academic publishing-based academic communication systems. These resources and services will continue to play a role, but it can be seen through later analysis that relying on or confining to these resources and services will put our future at risk. We must continue to pay attention to destructive technologies that may subvert our eight technical mechanisms and capabilities.
3 may disrupt the digital library's destructive technology for the retrieval and transmission of the organization and preservation of digital documents that may subvert the digital library's destructive technical library framework documents and open up new markets to disrupt the original market around how to use digital to create new value New technologies, new methods, new models and new mechanisms of the pattern. The author borrows 1 frame 0 here to examine the information infrastructure, information user behavior, and the basic operating mechanism of information services. Due to the nature of the author's institution, the author is mainly concerned with the research and education environment, the information behavior of users in fulfilling their scientific research and educational responsibilities, and the transportation mechanism for providing information services for scientific research and education. 3.1 The digital form of educational research information is digitized. The publication of digital academic literature has become a basic guarantee for learning and creation that science and technology education users rely on. The sci-tech journals of most important publishers and the patents of major countries quickly approached the turning point of market conversion, and the open access journals and open access knowledge bases developed rapidly. For example, more than 6,700 open academic journals registered at 00 into 1 are in 0041! The knowledge of registered open institutions has been super-scientific data. The digital network organization of scientific data is developing rapidly. The data includes various numerical factual and textual data, which is the basic output of scientific research. It is an important part of scientific publishing, including complex data embedded in monographs of papers. It is the basic information resource for scientific research and education. Digital networked US scientific data network UK's scientific research and education data service network 64, etc., and many fields have established large-scale scientific data service mechanisms, such as the National Institute of Medicine in the field of medicine and biology 3 social science field The US university's 3 ft. biodiversity field 8 å¼ 17 earth and environmental science field, 618 genius physics field 19, etc. At the same time, people are actively constructing data management and utilization mechanisms from scientific research project application to scientific publishing process. . Since the beginning of the 20th year, the US Science Foundation has submitted scientific data generated by the corresponding research and sharing research projects. The science and technology education institutions in many countries jointly launched the 01016 project to provide specialized data sets. Identifiers and public registration systems support the specification and reuse of datasets and include links to 08 and 6 systems and literature; multiple publishers have also initiated 1 project on science. The scientific data set cited in the article is registered to describe the preservation and public access services. These and other efforts are building a comprehensive scientific data discovery association and reuse of the basic environment semantic publishing history, the scientific literature is the main knowledge content for people to read the knowledge object organization time project activities. Therefore, in the creation and publishing of scientific content, the knowledge object and knowledge relationship are identified and indexed, and the analytical logic and results are taken as an integral part of content publishing, and the semantic publishing 36 is supported. Major development directions in the future of scientific publishing 63. A large number of research and experiments have been carried out, such as the 34 items of the seven-person Ding, the textual semantic indexing 25, the fine-grained semantic analysis of the scientific literature, less than 50 juices and 26 PLoSTD3, ScnianlicEnrichingIfeJ, and so on. Not only that, Jia 30 has been considering the standardization of scientific literature markup language 0633, and 0, deduction Microsoft and Yahoo are also jointly studying the semantic standard mechanism for web pages. 61. Obviously, when the content of the technology has been published, it has depth and Intelligent retrieval and discovery will present new power when computer-readable semantic indexing.
3.2 The basic way for users to use information to change the strategic transformation of science and technology innovation Science and technology innovation is moving towards independent innovation and strategic innovation for major questions, and is moving towards the transformation and innovation of various aspects such as basic research application research product development and market creation in the innovation value chain. . Today's scientific and technological innovations often face the knowledge of fuzzy and complex associations and dynamic development. The information needs of technological innovation have emerged or revealed important changes, and they have put forward quite different requirements for information services.
Supporting high-impact weak information needs With the support of digital information and network-level search capabilities, people are increasingly hoping to meet their weak information needs. Weak information Wr; ikIirfomwilionfPfWM The former is the kind of structural fuzzy knowledge is not clear A clear and systematic search and discovery step requires dynamic deconstruction and exploration of the information needs that can be partially satisfied by a large amount of document content; the latter is that the deconstruction is clear and easy to identify and utilize, which can be satisfied by the retrieval and reading of the specific content of the specific document. Demand. In the face of complex and dynamic changes to support high-impact strategic reading needs in the face of major complex questions and independent innovation challenges, researchers and technology decision-makers increasingly rely on strategic reading 33 to help them sort out the development of technology Structure, grasping the trend of science and technology development, exploring and deciding the layout of macroscopic science and technology, and the direction and path required for the logical route of the project. It is often important to read many documents at the same time, analyze and organize related content, identify and analyze. Possible trend directions and paths. At this time, reading is often not to solve a specific question, but to establish a macro knowledge service. 10 Comment 1634 Obviously, the ability to quickly retrieve and analyze and construct macro knowledge has become a more important and more in need of help, and often higher. The needs of the hierarchy. In fact, in order to support strategic reading, many organizations and companies have developed a variety of tools, including open source tools, such as the 3,1;18, and other systems of the Spanish Academy of Science at Tom 31 University, which support scientific users in the in-depth analysis of massive data. .
The head of the director's head of the director's department is responsible for the trend, the route, the analysis of the main, the exploration, the content discovery, the follow-up, the independent strategic innovation, the research, the innovation, the cross-conversion, the innovation, the support, the high-efficiency, the interactive cooperation, and the change in the above information needs. Reflected in the higher education in the digital technology and network technology, the shape of the teaching line ± fundamental changes. The director of the Hong Kong University Library, as pointed out at the seminar on the construction and development of the +Century Research Library, is now an ideal infrastructure for collaborative research and team-oriented activities. This is the Internet. The basic form is the flexible discovery of the entire network information to resolve the shared reorganization and creation, rather than the teacher playing the document on the network to the students. Therefore, it has been suggested that future schools will be like open source software communities, open interactive dynamic drive drivers and creative drivers, and require new types of information services that support dynamic interactive knowledge building.
This time, the cooperation between the two organizations has been found to be completed and read passive lessons. The learning of open-learning community learning students and their solutions is open to students. Individual students can consider the analysis of this chapter. For today's research and education users, What is needed is far from the retrieval and reading of specific literature, but on the basis of massive data, students are not only a reader, but also an information analyst. Therefore, in addition to providing them with a search and retrieval service for the literature, there are obviously many services that are often required and more influential to users.
3.3 The bottom-up situation of the bottom-up situation The digital library has undergone great changes in the operating mechanism of the library. It brings homogenization outsourcing and crowdsourcing and the sword on the head of the library.
The collection's non-localized digital library brings about the non-localization of the collection and the fundamentals of the basic services. The database network acquisition form group procurement interlibrary loan alliance open access resource network search and service system, etc., has become a great equalizer, helping many small and medium-sized libraries to have substantially the same level of collection and basic service capabilities as the museum. For example, the Chinese Academy of Sciences The Chinese electronic journals of the institutes of the institutes have been compared with the National Science Library, hereinafter referred to as the National General Directorate. The number of foreign language electronic journals of many research institutes has also reached several thousand, and can be covered by the Inter-library Loan System of Pratt & Whitney. There are also many other foreign language periodicals and conference proceedings in the National Science and Technology Museum. At the same time, all the research institutes can use the networked search interlibrary loan reference consultation and other service systems. In fact, such examples are in the small and medium-sized university libraries that are purchased by many participants 5 or regional groups, and many public or professional libraries that use regional joint service platforms. If special collections are not digitized or digital, they will be placed in service. In the eyes of other institutions, this special possession is equivalent to non-existence and has no fundamental impact on the homogenization effectiveness of the digital library. The author should emphasize that this homogenization has greatly enhanced the user's ability to acquire information, and it also poses a strong challenge to the library's long-term ability standards and ability contributions. Libraries can no longer rely on their own collections to explain their intellectual connotation and ability level. They must use their own services to prove that they are different and make themselves stand out. Just as Mr. Wu Jianzhong, the director of the Shanghai Library, mentioned the ability of the library when he visited the National Science Museum, not because of its size, but because of its wisdom.
Service outsourcing and crowdsourcing In fact, any library outside the library service is no stranger. We purchase the electronic journal database with the basic form of network acquisition as a typical outsourcing. We entrust the maintenance and service of this database to the publisher; the joint catalogue system interlibrary loan system and joint reference service we participate in are typical. Crowdsourcing We rely on a large number of collaborators to compensate for the lack of collections or experts. Now, the road of outsourcing and crowdsourcing is expanding, such as the construction of shared collections between Columbia University and Cornell University. 20, the British Library and the cooperation and preservation of several university libraries in the United Kingdom. 136318616, American Research Library The shared digital resource collections such as 1 off, the British-American Library, 0-based electronic journals and e-books long-term preservation services, the Canadian Institute of Science and Technology will pass the documents to IiililiHnrvr3, WMlRiYg private, the library 1 begins to benefit from the wide 1 small, along the 1 force 1 or 6 blood to comprehensive search services, and so on, outsourcing and crowdsourcing have gradually changed from the economic thrift measures that have to be made to the strategy of optimizing resource allocation and improving the contribution under limited conditions. 67 The next question is The library must answer, what services are indispensable, and only the services that can be done by themselves can prove their own value and create greater value. The United States, Mr. Wang Xuemao of the University introduced the American colleges and universities in the 20th annual meeting of the university library branch. The current concern of the curator of the library pointed out that it is such a question to prove to the school that more value is created for the school. This is not only due to the re-recognition and interpretation of the value of the United States; but it is not only a question that the US or British libraries will encounter, but we all face the same question. This kind of questioning comes from at least one aspect. Any library must use the facts and the direct benefits of the user to actually record the value of 1.1.valuefDEvidencebasedevaluation. The true value or contribution is the contribution, that is, through the service you provide. Better and more economical than using the same input from other sources. This value or contribution can only be achieved through you, not through outsourcing or crowdsourcing.
For any institution or community, always paying attention to the pursuit of maximum benefits under limited conditions, when reasonable decisions put resources into places where greater benefits can be created. In the case where collections and basic services can be non-localized, if a library is difficult to prove at any point in the above points, being marginalized or replaced is a reasonable choice.
Moreover, proving this is an ongoing task.
4 Strategies to overcome subversive trends Destroy and subvert yourself is the fundamental way to control In the face of destructive technology and subversive trends, negative resistance is the road to defeat and subversion can occur because of the existing The market product or service model can't adapt or even suppress the development of technology and demand. Destructive technology destroys and subverts. In fact, those things that hinder the development of products and services hinder the satisfaction of users' needs, damage, cranial cover is beneficial to users and the market. , 1 market avoidance or resistance will only bring greater subversive effect. Therefore, when you feel the damage and subvert the pressure, it is the time of alertness and action.
In fact, the library is a beneficiary of actively transforming itself and subverting the past. It is this kind of initiative transformation and subversion that has the brilliance of today's digital library. 33 Therefore, we should use an open and positive attitude to discover destructive technology and take the initiative. Use these technologies to develop new services and create new value. Open up new markets, from self-circulating self-development to open innovation and transformation, thus harnessing subversive trends.
Of course, to control destructive technology and subversive trends, we need to actively explore the development management mechanism of continuous innovation in the unknown area ahead of the headlights. 4. The way to win is often through the strategic creation of 4 in the future. Driven by conscious and organized breakthrough innovation is not only a simple breakthrough of continuous development or opportunism, but also a new service, new product and new mechanism that can change the game mode and game rules to bring significant new benefits to users. Significantly mention yourself in the user's urgency. To have the ability to make indispensable contributions in areas where he has not or cannot be served.
Destroying and subverting oneself needs to change the world view to effectively grasp or accept destructive technology and subversive trends. The difficulty is that the inherent limitations are 0, 5, and 1 broken. Point of the rush! Light is based on the concept of geocentricity centered on the library and its resources. It is centered on organizing its own collections and providing its own resources. The library is at the core, and it is safe to be excluded from the needs of its own collection resources and its own capabilities. Say 6, based on the needs of users, fully tap and utilize all aspects of resources and capabilities to meet the needs of users, the world of materials for my use, the heart of the world is wider.
Another common paradox of user flow is the concept of retrieval based on document retrieval and transmission, mechanically equating user needs with literature retrieval, and limiting library services to providing clear documents based on users' explicit needs. The demand for the inability to use the literature to meet the needs of the literature search is naturally excluded from our own vision and efforts. We need to change from the literature search concept to the content utilization concept, 7 through the development and utilization of rich capabilities to support various Users need to use various information to continuously improve their contribution to users.
Discovering exploration and computing Y, face-to-face retrieval and acquisition of improved driving and disruptive trends, we also need to rethink what information services are in modern or future environments.
In 2005, the author discussed the transformation strategy from the digital library to the 3 button mechanism. The fundamental constraint of the traditional library is our understanding of the solidification and static of knowledge, thus the information service library, simply the knowledge equivalent carrier to the demand Equivalent literature reading equates service with retrieval and acquisition. In fact, knowledge is both an object and a process as well as an experience. In essence, an information service system is a kind of knowledge service, which is a process of helping to set a certain information content and 16 pay. The specific form of this utilization should use the possible technology as deeply as possible, support the user's goal as close as possible, and improve the user's use of information to solve the problem of inquiry and innovation or the transition of learning service.
4.3 Libraries with different strategic directions seeking destruction and subversion should have different strategic directions when seeking destruction and subversion. As the National Science Library of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, it is necessary to realize the knowledge service model through strategic innovation. The source relies on flexible analysis and calculation. The embedded individualized innovation process. The knowledge resource integration organization, the scientific knowledge, the scientific knowledge, the knowledge, the communication, the technical analysis framework, the detection, the road analysis, the information, the author. Admit that this strategic direction and its breakthrough means that jumping out of the familiar working model will be a challenge that requires hard work and significant risks. However, as the American Association of Colleges and Research Libraries. As pointed out by Rainbow's Academic Library Technology and Change Roundtable 45, the challenge for the library and its leaders and employees is that they need to be repositioned. Moreover, as the executive chairman of the American Association of Research Libraries, Jia 6 pointed out that maintaining the status quo and merely promoting the success of the past is preparing for the disaster for the director of the University of Pittsburgh, the director of the University of Pittsburgh. We have no choice but to choose the path to grasp the future and to be brilliant.
Finally, as a curator of the library, the general trend of subverting the digital library is obviously a painful process.
But in fact this process has become a baptism and incentive. Destroying your own intrinsic thinking and subverting the path you are familiar with often means having a new and wider world. With development, knowledge discovery and intelligence calculation. 9 new digital knowledge service mechanism smiles clearly, we will make breakthroughs in the knowledge organization and integration of information resources, support the knowledge discovery needed for scientific and technological innovation; we will carry out the strategic analysis of knowledge resources Breakthrough to support the knowledge calculations required for technology planning and decision making. The author will discuss this development strategy and its specific tasks in detail in subsequent articles.
Scientific research and education personalized integration of science and technology decision-making and planning IM China Science and Technology Resources Sharing Network 63 magic. 6, the association of knowledge and knowledge of the route to analyze the strategic situation Zhang Xiaolin. The paradigm evolution of the digital library mechanism and its challenges. Journal of the Chinese Library, 2001638.
Zhang Xiaolin. Establish a development management mechanism for change and sustainable innovation. 0. Journal of the Chinese Library, 2006 Zhang Xiaolin. From the Digital Library to 6, the cargo 1606 mechanism Zhang Xiaolin, director of the National Science Library of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, professor, doctoral tutor. Address: 33 North Ring Road, Beijing. Zip code 100190.
A weather station is a facility, either on land or sea, with instruments and equipment for measuring atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the weather and climate. The measurements taken include temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation amounts. Wind measurements are taken with as few other obstructions as possible, while temperature and humidity measurements are kept free from direct solar radiation, or insolation. Manual observations are taken at least once daily, while automated measurements are taken at least once an hour. Weather conditions out at sea are taken by ships and buoys, which measure slightly different meteorological quantities such as sea surface temperature, wave height, and wave period. Drifting weather buoys outnumber their moored versions by a significant amount.
Weather stations are handy gadgets for giving you an up-to-the-minute snapshot of what's happening right outside your door - not wherever your local weather station is. Most use strategically placed sensors posted outside your home to capture readings, and may display everything from the outdoor temperature and humidity level to wind speeds and rainfall amounts. Though powerful, these gadgets are rather small. All are compact enough to sit on a tabletop, though you may choose to mount yours on a wall for easier viewing.
Weather Station,Station Meteo,Weather Station Wireless,Automatic Weather Station
Xi'an Lonn M&E Equipment Co., Ltd. , https://www.smartmeasurer.com