Viral hepatitis is a common infectious disease in China, with a high incidence rate, which not only directly affects the health of the population, but also endangers people's lives. The direct and indirect economic losses caused by it are also very large, which seriously affects production, work and study.
In the spring of 1988, the outbreak of hepatitis A pandemic occurred in Shanghai. In just 4 months, the cumulative number of cases has reached more than 10,000, and 47 deaths. It is estimated that the direct economic loss caused is about 508 million yuan, and the indirect economic loss is 557 million yuan, a total of 1.065 billion yuan.
Hepatitis B is mainly transmitted through blood transfusions and blood products, dirty injections, and vertical transmission of perinatal mother and child. According to a serum epidemiological survey, the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrying rate in the Chinese population is 10%, about 120 million people, of which 1/4 will eventually develop chronic liver disease, including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. There are 12 million chronic liver patients in China, and about 300,000 people die of liver disease every year, half of them are liver cancer. Especially serious are pregnant women carrying hepatitis B surface antigen, about 40% of which can be directly transmitted through mother-to-child vertical transmission to infect the baby. After the newborn is infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), about 80% to 90% can become carriers of chronic hepatitis B virus. In other words, about 800,000 to 1 million newborns become carriers of hepatitis B virus each year, and some of them may develop cirrhosis or liver cancer in adulthood, which directly affects the health of the next generation.
Hepatitis C is mainly transmitted through blood transfusions, blood products and unclean injections. Since blood donors have not been screened for hepatitis C virus (HCV), the incidence of hepatitis after hepatitis B virus transfusion is quite high. According to clinical observation studies, about 50% to 70% of acute hepatitis C infections can be chronic, and 20% of people eventually develop cirrhosis or liver cancer, and the rate of liver cancer evolution is faster than that caused by hepatitis B virus. Therefore, hepatitis C virus infection is also very harmful to people.
Hepatitis D occurs on the basis of hepatitis B, and hepatitis D virus (HDV) and hepatitis B virus are often mixed infections. After infection, it is easy to change to chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, and it is also easy to develop into severe hepatitis, with a very high mortality rate.
The transmission route of hepatitis E is the same as that of hepatitis A. There have been many outbreaks in China, especially in southern Xinjiang. The mortality rate of pregnant women suffering from hepatitis E can be as high as 10% to 20%. In addition, miscarriages and stillbirths often occur.
It can be seen that viral hepatitis has a great impact and harm on people's health and national economic construction, and it must be actively controlled.
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