The concept of low-carbon is popular when it comes to prevention and development.

At present, the low-carbon concept is popular, low-carbon demonstration zones, low-carbon industrial parks, energy-saving environmental protection parks, and even zero-emission demonstration zones are everywhere. It is a trend for all provincial, municipal, and county governments to build low-carbon parks. The construction of a low-carbon industrial park has become an inevitable choice for many cities to expect the industry to incite the overall economic transformation. However, the disorderly development and the ups and downs should be prevented.

Chaos

Look at the many low-carbon industrial parks that are currently being built, or the surface articles of the government's pursuit of political achievements, or the gimmicks of developers to develop real estate; even some industrial parks, despite the banner of "low carbon", continue in essence Behind the high-emission, high-pollution, high-energy industrial construction, there is a chaos behind the false prosperity.

Although on August 10 this year, the National Development and Reform Commission announced the “Notice of the National Development and Reform Commission on Piloting Low-carbon Provinces and Low-carbon Cities”, it was determined that the pilot projects of low-carbon cities should be carried out first in five provinces and eight cities across the country. However, apart from the five specific tasks proposed in the pilot provinces and cities, there are no clear definitions and evaluation indicators for low-carbon cities.

Similarly, regarding low-carbon industrial parks, the definition is vague and lacks unified assessment and regulatory standards. In addition to a few industrial parks that have been introduced by international consulting companies or professional research teams for overall planning, low-carbon industrial parks in many places are planned by the local government, slogan-style promotion and “leap-forward” construction.

For example, at the start-up meeting of a “low-carbon demonstration zone” in a city, one of the partners proposed to vigorously develop clean energy such as wind energy, and another partner responded after the meeting that the region had invited experts to visit. The actual environment is simply not suitable for the development of wind energy. Even if there is no consensus between the partners, they have already started the low-carbon demonstration construction, which shows that the planning is disorderly.

In fact, this phenomenon of disregarding the actual situation is quite common in low-carbon parks everywhere. Just as the development of wind energy in places where there are no conditions at all, the cost of energy development and utilization will rise, and the phenomenon of input and output will be reversed.

In addition, the concept of low-carbon technology has not been clarified in many regions, and the concept of “low carbon” is often misnamed. A typical example is the construction of “Sun City” everywhere. No matter whether the proportion of solar energy used in the local area reaches the international standard, whether the city has gathered a certain number or more enterprises, it will start from the championship. Sun City" name.

For this phenomenon, Dai Xingyi, director of the Urban Environment Research Center of Fudan University, once said: "The construction of Sun City has swarmed up and exposed China's old problems. - Building a few photovoltaic panels is a low-carbon building. The cities of two PV companies or wind turbine manufacturers dare to nickname low-carbon cities or Sun City."

If you carefully check the enterprises that have settled in the “low-carbon parks” in various places, you will find that many “low-carbon parks” are just new bottles of old wines from the “industrial parks”. A “low-carbon industrial park” in Shandong, the first batch of settled enterprises are precision rolling body projects and automobile steering gear projects. The development of the park is “focus on the development of non-ferrous financial processing and auto parts processing”.

Even in some places, the “low-carbon park” is committed to the development of “new energy” projects, and it still stays in the low-end processing of equipment manufacturing, repeating competition and low added value. It is very embarrassing to have technical patents or independent research and development capabilities. In the view of Zhou Dadi, the former director of the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, this is actually a fuss about manufacturing and increasing production capacity. "It is entirely under the banner of low-carbon and taking the path of low-end manufacturing."

Zhang Ming, a regional economist, said that quick success is an important reason. He believes: "For some regions with relatively backward economy, the entry of new energy equipment manufacturing enterprises means that the industrial structure is optimized, which is conducive to improving the political achievements of local leaders. At the same time, enterprises have the title of high technology. Get cheap land, loan support, and even get free technical development funding support from all levels of government. With these production factors below the average market price, small and medium-sized energy equipment manufacturers can be in a state of meager profit or even loss. Continue to survive."

Moreover, with the rising popularity of “low-carbon economy” in recent years, governments at all levels are rushing to build “low-carbon parks”, but there is a lack of unified planning and rational coordination between regions, which further exacerbates the phenomenon of repeated construction, such as a province and three cities. The construction of "Sun City", wind power equipment industrial parks, etc., has led to further expansion of some excess capacity.

Lack of consideration for local conditions, the development of changing bottles without changing wine, the low-end non-"low carbon" enterprise layout, even the developer's disguised packaging or government's political performance articles... all kinds of chaos are shown, want to The “low-carbon park” really plays a role in the industry, and it still needs to be unified and the improvement of the supervision system.

“In general, the local desire is good, to replace the original high-energy industry with new industries, or to propose some new development concepts, but once embodied, it is a bit off topic.” Zhou Dadi Commenting on this, "There is not much that can really withstand the so-called low-carbon test."

direction

In the various “low-carbon industrial parks”, there are also some real-world demonstration zones. The planning and implementation concepts are worthy of reference.

For example, China Energy Conservation Industrial Development Co., Ltd., which specializes in the development of low-carbon parks and builds a platform for energy conservation and environmental protection cooperation and exchange, has laid out several low-carbon industrial economic parks in Suxi Hangjia and other places in the Yangtze River Delta, all of which have driven the strength and influence of China Energy Conservation. The batch of superior energy-saving enterprises have formed a cluster effect, or set advanced environmental protection and energy-saving technologies to demonstrate, incubate and promote.

The person in charge of the Hangzhou Qianjiang Economic Development Zone told reporters that there is an energy and environmental industrial park in China's energy-saving investment in the Qianjiang Economic Development Zone. The first green building science and technology museum in China was approved by the former Ministry of Construction in 2007. For the demonstration project of building energy conservation and renewable energy utilization in the same year, it integrates various energy conservation, environmental protection and intelligent technologies. It has become an exhibition center for energy conservation in Zhejiang and has become a green model for energy-efficient buildings in the region.

According to the staff in the Green Building Science and Technology Museum, the Science and Technology Museum uses a large number of the latest construction technologies at home and abroad to integrate ten advanced building energy-saving systems. However, due to current cost issues, many energy-saving technologies have not yet entered the promotion stage. “At this stage, it is mainly to play a demonstration role and to help technology exchange and incubation,” the staff explained.

In addition to the demonstration role of the energy-saving technology itself, such a platform actually plays a very good role in promoting the development zone. The person in charge of the management committee of Qianjiang Development Zone told the author that after the completion of the Green Building Science and Technology Museum, the number of enterprises and government visitors from all over the country reached two or three hundred people a day, which undoubtedly improved the visibility and technology of the entire park.

In fact, unlike most of the “low-carbon industrial parks” that went up last year, the Qianjiang Economic Development Zone, which was established eight years ago, has not been named “low-carbon” but has a “low-carbon” reality. As early as 2003, Qianjiang Economic Development Zone clearly defined the new materials and new energy fields as the pillar industries for key support and development; with the Hangzhou Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government proposed to build a “six-in-one” low-carbon city and “six major strategies” In general, in recent years, we have been actively developing low-carbon economy and related industries such as solar photovoltaic, semiconductor lighting, and wind power.

So far, the Qianjiang Economic Development Zone has completed the State Key Laboratory of Wind Power Generation Systems and the National Semiconductor Lighting Engineering High-tech Industrialization Base identified by the Ministry of Science and Technology. At the same time, in the park's own operation process, it also reduces carbon emissions in the park through low-carbon facilities such as wind and solar complementation, wastewater recycling, and recycling.

However, even the low-carbon practice of the Qianjiang Economic Development Zone, which is already effective, is based on the relatively advanced concept and strong strength of the urban area as a whole, and gradually finds a direction in the exploration of several years. For many other “low-carbon development zones” distributed around the country, on the one hand, the state has not yet made any regulation on the access and operation of low-carbon parks, and on the other hand, it lacks a recognized “low-carbon park” standard. And the evaluation system is often more difficult to find directions.

However, with the transformation of “low-carbon parks” in the low-carbon tropical technology parks and industrial parks, research in this field is maturing.

The Peking University Climate Change Thermodynamics Research Group established a high-end low-carbon park research center with Zhongguancun Manor Beijing Economic Development Investment Co., Ltd. to conduct a systematic study on the system measurement technology and evaluation system of China's low-carbon park. Professor Chen Guoqian, the head of the research group, once said to the media: "The construction of the low-carbon industrial park is a systematic project. It includes multi-level and multi-faceted content, involving the construction of the park evaluation system, the application of low-carbon facilities and low-carbon technologies, low. The agglomeration of the carbon industry and the implementation of low-carbon management."

Chen Guoqian believes: “The standard and evaluation system of low-carbon industrial parks as the core content of building a low-carbon industrial park is the premise and key to the overall structure of the low-carbon park, guiding and standardizing the various low-carbon practices of the industrial park.” Different from the past The green evaluation system, such as “LEED”, which involves only a single building, Chen Guoqian’s evaluation system does not stop at the end of carbon reduction, but also takes into account the additional carbon emission costs in the process of reducing end carbon emissions.

According to this evaluation system, many of the so-called “low-carbon parks” that manufacture energy-saving equipment, but generate a lot of pollution and carbon emissions in the process, do not meet the standards. However, for the “low-carbon park” which is currently in its infancy, this set of “high-end” standards and evaluation systems only point out a future development direction, and at the same time it can be distorted by many in the implementation process. The "low carbon concept" has played a role in clarifying.

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