According to customs statistics, in the first three quarters of 2011, exports of furniture and parts (hereinafter referred to as “furnitureâ€) through the Huangpu Port amounted to US$1.23 billion, an increase of 0.8% over the same period last year (the same below).
I. Main features of furniture export at Huangpu Port in the first three quarters of 2011
(1) The export value in September increased year-on-year and the chain fell. In January 2011, the export of furniture through the Huangpu Port was US$170 million, setting a new high in export value in a single month in recent years. In February, it fell rapidly. In the following months, the value of exports fluctuated greatly. In September, furniture exports reached US$140 million, a year-on-year increase of 7.3% and a decrease of 7.2% from the previous month.
(2) The export of general trade and processing trade is hot and cold. In the first three quarters of 2011, the export of furniture through the Huangpu Port was 790 million US dollars, an increase of 8.4%, accounting for 64.7% of the total value of furniture exports of Huangpu Port (the same below); the export of processing trade was 430 million US dollars, down 10.7. %, accounting for 34.8%.
(3) The main export markets are the EU, the US and ASEAN, and exports to ASEAN have increased substantially. In the first three quarters of 2011, the export of furniture to the United States via the Huangpu Port was US$330 million, down 15.4%; the export of furniture to the EU was US$260 million, down 1.6%; for ASEAN, it was US$160 million, a substantial increase of 31.5%; for the above three markets Total exports accounted for 61.1%. In addition, exports to Hong Kong and Japan were US$83.93 million and US$72.24 million, respectively, up 30.6% and 12.5% ​​respectively.
(4) The export share of foreign-invested enterprises accounts for nearly 50%. In the first three quarters of 2011, foreign-invested enterprises exported 616 million US dollars of furniture through the Huangpu Port, down 3.8%, accounting for 49.4%. In the same period, private enterprises exported 470 million US dollars of furniture, an increase of 6.2%, accounting for 38.3%; state-owned enterprises exported 130 million US dollars, an increase of 5.4%, accounting for 10.8%.
Second, the main reason for the slight decline in furniture exports at Huangpu Port in the first three quarters of 2011
(1) Demand in major consumer markets is sluggish and furniture exports are being suppressed. In September, the US ISM manufacturing purchasing managers index was 51.6. Although it was improved from last month, the growth was not obvious and it was still at a low level. In addition, in August, the number of new homes in the United States was 571,000, down 5% from the 601,000 in July, and fell for two consecutive months. The second-hand housing sales index fell by 1.3% in July, followed by second-hand housing in August. The contracted sales index continued to decline by 1.2% from the previous month; various data showed that the US real estate market is still in the process of adjustment, which restricts the demand for furniture and other products. At the same time, the initial value of the manufacturing purchasing managers' index for the euro zone in September was 48.4, the lowest since August 2009, with the new order index 44.8, the fourth month of decline; and affected by the European debt crisis, the euro zone in September The economic sentiment index was 95.0, which declined for 7 consecutive months; the consumer confidence index also showed signs of fatigue, falling from -16.5 in August to -19.1. According to customs statistics, during the month of September, the exports of furniture to the United States and the European Union by the Huangpu Port decreased by 5.9% and 2.9% respectively, of which exports to the United States have declined for the eighth consecutive month.
(2) The cost of production factors has risen rapidly, and business operations have fallen into a low tide. Since 2011, China's manufacturing industry has suffered from many unfavorable factors such as rapid rise in labor costs, continued appreciation of the renminbi, and sharp rise in financing costs. At the same time, expenditures on electricity, environmental protection, and social welfare (such as employment security for the disabled) are also large. To a certain extent, the production and operation costs of enterprises have been increased; the excessively high cost of various production factors has caused furniture companies to bear heavy burdens, and production and management are struggling. The data shows that the labor cost in 2011 increased by at least 20% compared with last year. In three years, the wages of the Guangdong furniture industry rose from 1,600 yuan to more than 3,000 yuan, and the number of technicians climbed from 4,000 yuan to nearly 10,000 yuan. The rising RMB exchange rate has made export-oriented furniture companies more fearful. On September 30, the central parity of the RMB against the US dollar was reported at 6.3549, a new high since the exchange rate reform.
On the other hand, since the beginning of 2011, global timber resources have become scarce and imported timber prices have been rising. At the same time, timber imported from North America has risen by at least 30% in 2011 due to rising factors such as national policies, exchange rates and transportation costs. . Under the weight of rising costs, the confidence of domestic furniture enterprises in the transformation and upgrading and gradient transfer began to shake.
3. At present, there are major problems and related suggestions in the development of China's furniture industry.
(1) The lower production costs of Southeast Asian countries attract the transfer of international and domestic furniture industries. Since 2011, with the rising demand for energy, raw materials, land, and especially labor in the domestic coastal manufacturing industry, the domestic low-cost competitive advantage is gradually losing. Some coastal furniture enterprises that manufacture high-end products and export furniture have begun to shift. To overseas and the mainland, we are looking for a production base with a low comprehensive cost. A shift from the domestic coastal area to the central and western regions and China's overseas industries is underway. However, with the frequent difficulties in recruiting workers and the shortage of labor in the eastern coastal areas, the labor prices in the central and western regions have also risen. At present, the salary of Vietnamese workers is about 100 US dollars per month, equivalent to more than 600 yuan. At present, the salary of one of the most common workers in Dongguan is 2,000 yuan. The provinces and cities in the mainland, such as Henan Province, will implement the minimum wage after the increase on October 1. In the month of 1080 yuan, Vietnam’s labor cost advantage is obvious. In addition, Southeast Asian countries have abundant forest resources, and the prices of furniture and raw materials are relatively low. This has led to the shift of international and domestic furniture companies to overseas developing countries, which has disrupted the pace of domestic furniture companies' gradients to the central and western regions.
(2) Europe and the United States to improve access to forest products, become a new challenge for the export of furniture products in China. The US Lacey Act stipulates that forest products such as particleboard, fiberboard, plywood, wood pulp and paper, wood furniture, etc., which are exported to the United States, must be marked with the type and source of wood, otherwise the United States will refuse to enter these products; It is also required to label the Latin name, quantity and size and value of the plant species used. Since the implementation of the bill in September last year, it has had a great impact on the export of Chinese furniture to the United States. With the increasing awareness of environmental protection among international consumers, more and more countries are beginning to propose new environmental requirements for wood products; the recent “National Country Labeling Law†issued by the European Union requires that wood products imported into the EU market must obtain FSC status. The certificate requires companies to track the source of their timber harvesting and impose strict requirements on the environmental performance of raw materials. The policy will take effect on March 3, 2013. It is noteworthy that in the forest products suppliers, Indonesia has also begun to introduce corresponding policies to ensure the legality of the source of timber exports. The implementation of the above-mentioned laws will cause a large number of SMEs in the domestic furniture industry to have to find qualified suppliers or increase the cost of certification of origin. The cost and operational risks of furniture production and export enterprises have increased significantly.
(3) The domestic furniture product market is not competitive enough, and brand building is seriously lagging behind. Most of China's furniture production is based on OEM production. Its advantage lies in the relatively low labor price. The disadvantage lies in the lack of independent quality standard system, original product design and competitive brand. According to the data, there are tens of thousands of large and small furniture brands in China, but there is still no leading brand in the leading industry. Many furniture manufacturers are re-manufacturing and light design, with serious homogenization and low degree of differentiation. Therefore, the export furniture has problems such as low grade and low added value. The product quality has a great gap compared with developed countries, and it directly affects The international status of China's furniture companies. The previous CCTV exposure furniture manufacturer "Da Vinci" for the fake ocean brand and some products failed the quality incident, reflecting the current domestic furniture manufacturing SMEs, the industry's independent innovation ability is relatively weak, the furniture industry standards are not enforced, and so on . The backwardness of Chinese furniture in core competitiveness such as brand building and product research and development is not conducive to promoting industrial transformation and upgrading, which will affect the long-term development of China's furniture exports.
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