A study led by the Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center CNIC revealed a new mechanism for stem cell regulation: neutrophils without physiological functions can induce bone marrow changes and trigger the release of stem cells into the circulatory system.
Neutrophils (Neutrophils) are white blood cells that protect the body from attacks by bacteria and other pathogenic microorganisms. In order to complete their cellular functions, neutrophils release toxic substances when they come into contact with microorganisms, but if neutrophils are damaged, releasing these substances in the wrong place will cause serious damage to blood vessels and tissues.
However, the evolution of the body seems to solve this problem, because neutrophils renew faster than other cells-about 1011 neutrophils will be cleared every day, and there will be an equal number of stem cells. Add to the blood. However, this brings up a new question: what are these cleaned and discarded cells doing?
In the latest article, Andrés Hidalgo and others solved the puzzle and discovered the function of these neutrophils after being discarded.
After the researchers injected these extra apoptotic cells into mice, they found that the number of hematopoietic stem cells in the circulatory system increased, and this stem cell could produce all types of blood cells.
Next, the research team used various experimental methods, including imaging testing, drug treatment and genetic analysis, and found that when blood neutrophils age, they will migrate to the bone marrow and then be cleared by phagocytosis of macrophages. This process of phagocytosis changes the genetic characteristics and functions of these macrophages, and thus their role in maintaining hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.
"This way the stem cells will be released into the blood," said MarÃa Casanova Acebes, the first author of the article. Dr. Hidalgo added: "Our study analyzed the role of hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow, and also pointed out that the removal of neutrophils may affect other important stem cell populations, such as causing cancer."
The study also showed that neutrophils age with the day / night, or the day-night cycle, which may have an impact on the disease process. For example, heart disease is particularly prevalent during a certain period of the day.
"Our research shows that stem cells are affected by the day / night cycle, so malignant stem cells that may cause cancer use this mechanism to spread," Hidalgo emphasized.
This finding will also have a more direct impact on cardiovascular health. Changes in the function of neutrophils within a day may lead to acute cardiovascular disease and inflammatory events such as heart attack, sepsis or stroke at a specific time.
Hidalgo concluded, "This new discovery reveals many previously unknown fundamental processes in the body that will help explain certain physiological patterns that occur in many diseases."
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