The benchtop low-speed centrifuge is a modern technique that has evolved from the study of particle behavior in real-world centrifugal environments. Over time, centrifugation technology has advanced through multiple generations, starting with basic low-speed medical centrifuges, progressing to high-speed and ultracentrifuges, and now including ultra-speed refrigerated models as well as ultra-large capacity refrigerated centrifuges. These devices have become essential tools in laboratories for separating mixtures based on differences in density, size, or shape.
To use a benchtop low-speed centrifuge, first place the sample into the centrifuge tubes provided. Ensure that each tube contains an equal amount of material to maintain balance during operation. Insert the tubes into the rotor slots, close the lid securely, and turn on the power. Once the main indicator light is on, you can set the timer to your desired duration or select the "open" position (rotated counter-clockwise). The centrifuge will then begin operating at speeds typically ranging from 500 to 4000 rpm, depending on the model and your specific requirements.
Centrifugation allows particles of varying densities, sizes, or shapes to settle at different rates, making it an effective method for separating heterogeneous mixtures. This type of centrifuge is commonly used in biochemistry research and for processing large volumes of samples efficiently.
Regular maintenance is crucial to ensure the proper functioning of the centrifuge. First, check the carbon brushes when the main power indicator is on. If they are worn beyond one-third of their original length, replace them immediately. If the main power indicator is off, inspect the fuse and circuit board fuses for any damage, and ensure all electrical connections are secure. Replace any blown fuses and verify that the circuit is intact.
Additionally, monitor the vacuum pump and oil pressure gauge. If the oil pressure is too high and the machine fails to start, check for blockages in the oil line, especially the throttle hole, and clean it if necessary. If the bearings are damaged or the rotation is restricted due to lack of lubrication or dirt buildup, clean or replace the bearings promptly to prevent motor failure.
Oxide layers on the commutator surface or uneven contact between the brush and the commutator can reduce speed. Clean both components to improve contact. If the rotor coil is shorted or open, use a multimeter to test it and consider rewinding if needed. Rotor damage may occur due to broken tubes, sample leakage, metal fatigue, overspeed, improper use, or chemical exposure. Always handle the rotor carefully and avoid unbalanced loads.
After each use, clean the centrifuge chamber and rotor thoroughly, and dry any condensation. Allow the chamber to return to room temperature before opening the door. Before starting, always balance the samples to prevent vibration and damage. After centrifugation, disinfect and sterilize the equipment to maintain hygiene. If required, pre-cool the rotor and store it properly, taking care to protect the counting ring at the bottom. Regular maintenance not only extends the lifespan of the centrifuge but also ensures accurate and reliable results.
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