At present, with the technological advancement of printing companies, the overall level of book printing quality has been greatly improved, and some products have reached a high level of quality. However, in the inspection and identification of a large number of books and periodicals products, it is found that some products have insufficient graphic design and design, which leads to problems in product quality and affects the overall quality of books and periodicals.
The art and graphic design of the books and magazines mentioned here are not standardized (unreasonable), including the process design of the publishing department and the process design of the printing plant (the second process design) are not standardized.
In the test and recognition of the quality products (first-class products) of the Press and Publications Bureau, the author learned that among the large number of unsuccessful products, the problem of irregular graphic design is more prominent, which greatly reduces the quality of products. Take the military to send the excellent inspection and unsuccessful products as an example. In 2000, the products submitted for inspection were 728 varieties, and the products that were unsuccessful (preliminarily determined) were 195 varieties. In the unsuccessful products, the graphic design process is not standardized, accounting for 46.15% (including the molding process is not standardized).
Common problems in the design of graphic arts and crafts are:
1. The design position of the book edition is not uniform, resulting in the size of the incision, the size of the mouth, the size of the head and the foot, and the size of the white edge outside the core are not standardized, so that the individual page numbers, book eyebrows, and eyebrow lines are cut off, resulting in product quality problem.
2, the color illustration page is set to the mouth, the size of the incision is too small (less than 2mm), or the position of the ordering is not left. When the book is booked, the illustration is placed in the ordering mouth, which seriously affects the reading use.
3, the text description of the text illustration and the distance between the top and bottom of the drawing is unreasonable, some spacing is too close (less than 2mm), and some are too far (about 7mm ~ 8mm or more), affecting the neatness of the explanatory text. If the technique of using the horizontal drawing is adopted, when the explanatory text is too close to the edge of the drawing (less than 3 mm), it is easy to pad up when printing, which causes the quality problem of the virtual flower and the incomplete edge of the drawing.
4. The characters of the cover, seal 2, seal 3, seal 4 and illustration are too close to the slit (or the order) (only 1mm ~ 2mm). This design is not only difficult to see, but may even be cut off, seriously affecting the finished product. Quality and aesthetics.
5, the cover and seal four "Qi" design does not match the actual thickness of the book, after the binding into a book, there is a "smooth" unevenness, and some out of the outside more than 2mm ~ 4mm, it directly affects the overall design of the book Aesthetic effect.
6. The background color of the same book and the depth of the flat net used by the head flower directly affect the decoration effect and product quality of the book.
7, anti-white pressure map inscription design flat network background is too shallow (net area less than 40%), easy to mix with the text after printing, difficult to distinguish, affect reading.
8, black (various dark) pressure map inscription design flat network background is too deep (the area of ​​the dot area is more than 60%), after printing, the word and the background color are easily mixed into one color, affecting reading.
9. The setting of the ground color in the text is unreasonable (100% of the dot area). The printed product color is inevitably uneven, and it is easy to print, pull the paper, and pile the ink.
10. The hollow words in the title of the book are too thin, and it is difficult to reproduce after printing, which will inevitably lose the artistic effect.
The above-mentioned quality problems exist in book products, mainly due to the irregular processing of graphic process design and printing plant business supervisor (production scheduling). Therefore, the process design is standardized with the specific conditions (printing suitability) and possible process capabilities in the printing process, in order to further improve the overall level of book printing. The specific approach is:
1. The position of the core should be uniform (except for special requirements), in order to ensure the size of the cut, the size of the mouth, the size of the head and the foot, and the size of the white side outside the heart. When the size of the core is fixed, it must not be modified in the group (imposition) to ensure the correct process design.
2. The ordering of the illustration page (white paper side) should be kept at 12mm when there is no special requirement, and the incision should be kept at 3mm.
3. The distance between the explanatory text of the text of the book and the edge of the picture should be unified to 3-5mm. The text of the horizontal and vertical layout should be equal to the edge of the image (left, right, top and bottom) and should not exceed the width of the image. If the number of words in the explanatory word is large, it can be arranged in two lines, three lines, ... and keep the line spacing and the distance from the text.
4. The distance between the cover and the cover, seal 2, seal 3, seal 4 and illustration should be 5mm, so as not to be cut off when there is an error in binding.
5, the cover and the back cover design "Qi Se" (cover and spine, the back cover and the spine of different colors) should be consistent with the thickness of the book, to prevent the "smooth" irregularities after binding into a book, affecting the appearance of the book.
6. The background color of the same book and the background color of the flat net used by the head flower should be selected from the same percentage of nets to prevent the disadvantages of deep and shallow disparity. When printing on book paper, 100-120 mesh can be used, and 150-170 mesh can be used for coated paper.
7, black (dark) pressure map inscriptions lining the area of ​​the grid should be controlled at 20% to 30%, both can play a good decorative effect, but also conducive to the clear appearance of the text.
8, the anti-white pressure map inscription used in the flat net, there should be more than 60% of the dot area to ensure that the text is clear.
9. The decorative ground color of the cover, seal 2, seal 3, seal 4 and illustrations should be plain and untransparent. If there is no special requirement for the ground color, you can use the coarse mesh of about 80% of the area to replace the ground color, so that the treatment can not only keep the ground color, but also prevent the dirt, dirt, paper and ink. Dirty and so on have an important role.
10. When using the hollow word in the title of the book, the white stroke of the hollow word should be widened to prevent the white mark from being printed and affecting the reading.
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