The urban public transportation IC card charging system covers a wide range, has many service units and a large number of users. Once it is launched, it will not be easy to transform and cancel. Therefore, the selection is crucial. According to the bad environment of the bus, the high mobility, the stored value ticket is a valuable securities, etc., the ticket inspection equipment and the stored value ticket are required to have high reliability and safety; let the passengers learn to use the system as soon as possible, adapt quickly, time Sex and convenience are also an important indicator. Shortening the ticket inspection process and reducing the stoppage time are equivalent to speeding up the turnover and increasing the capacity. This article will introduce the situation of the card in stages and the idea of ​​selecting the bus IC card.
1. Contact and non-contact IC cards
IC cards are divided into contact and non-contact types. Their reliability and security are better than magnetic cards, but they are more expensive. China's bus industry has four cities, including Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Zhuhai and Wuhan, which have tried contact IC cards on a small scale.
The contact IC card encapsulates the IC chip in a standard PVC card, and reads and writes data by direct contact between the exposed chip and the reader deck.
1. The contact piece of the contact type IC card is exposed on the surface of the IC card, and in some cases (such as bending or staining), the IC card is damaged or a reading and writing error occurs.
2. The card holder of the reader/writer is damaged or cannot work normally due to dust, rough card insertion, foreign object insertion, etc., and needs frequent maintenance.
3. Since the cooperation between the card and the card holder is directional, the ticket inspection time is short and the speed is fast in the bus operation, and it is difficult to insert the IC card because the card seat is small. Especially when the user is an elderly person or a child or illiterate, it is more difficult to use.
4. Although the contact type IC has certain security measures, the security of the IC card is reduced due to the applicability of the reader.
5. Even if the contact IC card is in normal use, the transaction process takes a long time, which prolongs the passenger travel time and vehicle turnover, which enables the company to invest more capacity and increase operating costs. Therefore, the contact IC card system is difficult to meet the needs of bus companies and passengers. But why can Zhuhai be used? After investigation, it was found that this has a lot to do with the particularity of Zhuhai. Zhuhai is a garden city. Its main features are low dust, small population, few elderly people and high quality personnel. Because of these advantages, the readers are used less frequently, the deck is difficult to accumulate dust, and there is no problem with the elderly and illiterate, so it can exist for a certain period of time. However, if you move hard, you can simply think of Zhuhai, other cities, and not analyze the situation of your own city, it is easy to hit the wall.
The non-contact IC card is composed of an IC chip and an inductive antenna, and is completely sealed in a standard PVC card, which is not easily affected by external adverse factors. The non-contact IC card and the reader are read and written by radio waves. The storage capacity is large, the transmission speed is fast, and the reading and writing life is long. It has the following excellent characteristics:
1. Non-mechanical contact between the non-contact IC card and the reader.
2. There is no exposed device on the surface, and the IC card will not be damaged due to fouling or bending. The card itself is a passive component that is small, durable and reliable.
3. The reader does not need a card holder and can be completely placed in the box.
4, no directionality when using, the card can sweep the surface of the reader from any direction to complete the reading and writing work. 5. Wireless communication between the reader and the IC card.
6. The reader and the IC card implement a two-way password authentication system, which is verified by a three-level DES algorithm. The reader recognizes the legality of the IC card, and the IC card can recognize the reader and the read and write permissions of the reader.
7. The issuance of non-contact IC cards has strict rules. Adopting the internationally recognized mifare standard, the uniqueness of its card number is unique in the world. Secondly, part of the password is stored in the car phone, and part of it is placed on the card to ensure the system's high confidentiality.
Second, the standard of non-contact ic card
The current international ISO organization is determining two major non-contact card standards, one is TYPE A represented by Phillips and Siemens, and the other is TYPE B represented by Motorola and STMicroelectronics. Both have advantages and disadvantages. In addition, a non-contact card was used in Shenzhen public transportation, and the “LEGIC†​​patent was adopted. However, because LEGIC is completely closed to encryption, that is, except for the "LEGIC" company, no one knows how to encrypt it. In such a way, it is destined to be more difficult to promote. It is currently not recognized by international ISO organizations.
1. TYPE A represented by Phillips and Siemens. This standard is a widely used standard, the MIFARE standard. The difference between it and TYPE B is mainly the communication modulation mode of the card and the reader. MIFARE uses a discontinuity modulation method, that is, when the information "1" is indicated, a signal is transmitted to the card. When the information is "0", no signal is transmitted to the card. Of course, the interval is relatively short and does not affect. Go to the card for normal work. The advantage of this method is that the information is clearly differentiated, the chance of being interfered is small, and it is not easy to operate by mistake. The disadvantage is that the energy may fluctuate when it is necessary to continuously provide energy to the contactless card.
2. TYPE B represented by Motorola and STMicroelectronics. This standard has just been developed, and its card and reader communication uses an amplitude modulation modulation method. That is, the difference between the information "1" and the information "0" is that the signal amplitude of the information "1" is large, that is, the signal is strong, and the signal amplitude of the information "0" is small, that is, the signal is weak. Different information is identified by changes in signal strength. The advantage of this method is that there is continuous signal transmission, and there is no energy fluctuation. The disadvantage is that the information is not clearly differentiated, relatively vulnerable to external interference, and there is a false signal. It can also be redundant. Way to make up.
It can be seen from the above comparison that the two technologies are difficult to say, which is one of the reasons why the international ISO organization determines two standards. However, for public transport, the standard needs to be carefully analyzed. There is a lot of interference on the bus, the time of punching must be very fast, and the chance of false signal appearing is as small as possible. In this respect, the use of TYPE A is relatively suitable. In addition, due to national conditions, there is little chance for public transport to use non-contact CPU cards in the short term, generally using non-contact logic encryption cards. In the process of using the contactless logic encryption card, since there is no CPU in the card, the energy requirement is not very strong, so TYPE A can work well.
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