In the heart of Huzhou, where Chinese calligraphy and painting have long flourished, a unique legacy lies in the art of brush-making. It is said that after Meng Hao invented the brush, Huzhou became the center of Chinese calligraphy and painting. In the world of Chinese painting and calligraphy, it's often said, “A history of painting and calligraphy, half of it is in Huzhou.†But why this small city, rather than the more famous cultural hubs like Suzhou or Xi’an, holds such a significant place? The answer lies in the lake pen.
Since the Song and Yuan dynasties, the lake pen has replaced the Xuan pen as the most revered tool in Chinese brushwork. It’s not just a brush; it's an extension of the artist’s soul. I had always felt a gap in my understanding of calligraphy, so I decided to visit Huzhou and uncover the story behind the brush.
Upon arriving at Shanyu Town, the birthplace of the lake pen, I was struck by the contrast between the smog-filled city and the quiet, historical town nearby. The lake pen factory, once located near a river with a stone bridge, now sits in a foggy, modern setting. The driver struggled to find his way, and I finally reached the Shanyu Lake Pen Factory, marked by an archway inscribed with "Shanyu Lake Pen Factory - Sha Menghai."
Inside, a large courtyard stood with a stone monument engraved with "Meng Gong Festival," honoring the origins of the brush industry. Originally built in the Yuan Dynasty, this temple was once the heart of the brush-making tradition. Every year, artisans from across the region would gather to pay homage to their ancestors, creating a vibrant annual festival.
However, over time, the temples were destroyed, and the factory was established on the ruins. Today, only a fraction of the original workforce remains. The old director explained how the market has changed, and many former employees have left for other opportunities. The once-thriving factory now stands as a shadow of its former self.
The process of making a lake pen is intricate and time-consuming. From selecting the finest hair to the final engraving, each step requires precision and patience. As I observed the craftsmen at work, I realized how much dedication is required to create a single brush. Each pen is made through 12 major steps, involving countless small tasks.
The story of Zhang Xiaohua, a master brush-maker from Jiangxi who moved to Huzhou, illustrates the challenges facing the industry. He found that the quality of materials has declined, and the market has shifted, making it harder to sustain traditional methods. Many pens today are no longer handmade, but mass-produced, leading to a decline in quality and authenticity.
Despite these challenges, the spirit of the lake pen endures. For those who still practice the craft, it's more than just a job—it's a lifelong commitment. As one artisan joked, “A brush is a hair, even the gods can't touch it.†And indeed, every brush is a masterpiece, shaped by years of skill and passion.
In the end, the lake pen is not just a tool, but a symbol of a rich cultural heritage that continues to inspire artists around the world. Whether you're a calligrapher or simply an admirer of traditional arts, visiting Huzhou and experiencing the craftsmanship firsthand is a journey worth taking.
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