In the 1980s, computer technology, digital technology, information transmission network technology, optical fiber communication technology, and microelectronics technology have achieved unprecedented development. The application of these high and new technologies in the printing industry has had a major impact on the development of the printing industry. The digitization of the entire printing process has become the basic direction for the development of printing and equipment equipment industry in the new century.
According to the development of the international printing industry and the reality of our country, after more than two years of research and demonstration, the China Printing and Equipment Industry Association has proposed the development direction of China's printing industry from 1996 to 2010, which is highly summarized as "prepress digital and networked; Multi-color printing, high efficiency; diversified after printing, automation; equipment quality, serialization." This 28-character guideline indicates the direction for the future development of China's printing and equipment equipment industry.
In the era of rapid development of new and high technologies and large numbers of applications, although China's Printing Machinery and equipment have also been greatly developed, due to poor application of high technology and technical innovation, the gap between China's and foreign advanced levels has not only narrowed, but has increased. China's printing machinery and equipment to further reduce the market competitiveness, resulting in high-end equipment basically relies on imports of the situation. Faced with the accelerated development of the knowledge economy, global economic integration, and China’s imminent accession to the WTO, in order to better develop our country's printing machinery and equipment and improve the competitiveness of enterprises, we will use high technology, especially information technology, to transform and upgrade traditional printing machinery and equipment. It is necessary to catch up with the advanced level of foreign printing machinery and equipment as soon as possible.
In the “Ninth Five-Year Plan†period between domestic and foreign countries, China's printing machinery and equipment have made great progress, with more varieties and higher quality. According to the statistics of 69 key printing machine manufacturers, the output value of printers increased by 52.3% in 1995-1999, and the profit and tax increase was 44%, and the profit growth was 40.7%. China has been able to produce mid-range 15,000 sheets per hour sheetfed offset presses, medium and small-scale news web offset presses, commercial web offset presses, flexographic printing presses, form machines, folder-gluers, and hardcover , Paper-laying linkage, CNC cutting machine, CNC die-cutting machine and other important printing machinery and equipment. Medium and low-end printing equipment basically meets the needs of the domestic market, and has a small amount of exports.
I. The gap between prepress equipment The basic direction of the development of the printing industry in the new century is "digital and networked." Printing "digital and networked" began with the rapid development of prepress equipment. Its rapid development has made the gap between our prepress products and foreign countries even greater. In particular, the development and application of CTP computer plate-making machines and related equipment, many prepress equipment will be eliminated. The difference between prepress equipment and foreign countries is mainly manifested in:
1. At present, our country's prepress equipment is still basically a traditional analog process equipment, and most of them are in the middle and low level, such as cameras and color separation machines. In the desktop system that has gradually become popular in printing plants, high-end equipment basically relies on imports, such as high-end scanners, high-precision automatic laser imagesetters, and color printers. The use of high technology to transform and upgrade relevant equipment that adapts to digital process flow, and to develop new digital prepress equipment will be given priority.
2. Digital equipment is mainly CTP plate making and related equipment. Although computer-to-plate (CTP) has developed a prototype in China, it has entered the trial phase, its performance (mainly speed, resolution, degree of automation, imaging methods, etc.) and foreign advanced There are still many gaps compared to the level, and performance and quality have yet to be tested in time. CTP equipment has been rapidly promoted in developed countries. For example, among large printing companies in the United States, more than half are using CTP plate-making equipment, while China has less than 20 imported CTP machines. The related high-end digital cameras and digital proofing machines all rely on imports.
3. There is a big gap between software and hardware. The development trend of printing technology is not only digitizing the prepress process, but also digitizing the entire printing process. At present, in addition to raster image processor (RIP) technology, Chinese character word inventory and a small amount of application software developed by China, many application software needs to be imported. In recent years, research on CIP3, CIP4 and its various PPF, JDF files, PDF files and other general-purpose software and network servers and interfaces have just started in China. The research process of digital workflow system software will directly affect the development of printing and equipment.
Second, the gap between printing equipment With the development of CTP technology, in the successful development of machine imaging, there has been a digital printing press and printing integration. The development of digital printing presses has opened up new directions for the development of printing presses, and provided possibilities for personalized printing and on-demand printing. Digital presses are still in the experimental stage in China and there are still a few roads to reach their application. The gap between traditional printing equipment and high-tech applications is not small. The main performance is less product function; automation, intelligent control level is low; stability, poor reliability. The balance between supply and demand of middle- and low-end products or oversupply, high-end equipment mainly rely on imports.
1. High-grade printing machinery mainly relies on imports. In 1999, China imported a total of 675 million U.S. dollars worth of printing equipment and spare parts, and exported 16.18 million U.S. dollars. The ratio of imports to exports was 41.7:1. The ratio of imports to domestic sales was approximately 1. 1.6:1. That is, domestic equipment accounts for about 40% of the total domestic market.
In 1999, it imported 344.5 million U.S. offset printing machines, which accounted for about 70% of the domestic market. Relevant information shows that only Heidelberg's offset press sales entering the Chinese market in 1999-2000 was approximately equal to the total domestic sales of offset presses in 1999. Among offset presses, single- and double-color offset presses have dominated domestic machines, while multi-color offset presses with higher technological content have been mainly imported. According to statistics, since the reform and opening up, imported multi-color sheetfed offset printing machines accounted for about 75% of the domestic market. At the same time, the market share of home-made sheetfed offset presses has also decreased year by year. According to statistics, between 1998 and 1999, 420 sheetfed offset presses were imported and 79 made in China. The market share of imported machines was 84.17%. In web offset printing presses, the situation is even more serious. There are about 30 commercial web offset presses in China, and only one is domestically produced. More than 90% of multi-color web offset presses with more than 60,000 sheets per hour are imported machines.
More than 200 mid-range flexographic presses were imported, accounting for more than 90% of the domestic market.
More than 580 imported equipment for gravure presses in the mid-range and above, and most of the market is occupied by foreign machines.
Digital presses, which have just begun research in China, are currently all imported.
2. Main gaps of offset presses (1) Printing speed of sheetfed offset presses: The actual printing speed of foreign offset presses has reached 15,000 sheets/hour, and part of the four-platen offset presses has reached 18,000 sheets/hour. The actual printing speed of sheetfed offset presses in China is mostly around 10,000 sheets per hour. Although there are 15,000 sheets per hour of equipment, there is a large gap between the performance and quality of the sheet-fed offset presses and the advanced level in foreign countries.
Automatic Control: In the field of automatic control and intelligent control of foreign offset presses, comprehensive application of computer technology, microelectronics, optical fiber communication technology, optical technology and a large number of application software, almost makes the offset press a "fool machine." Typical examples are the Heidelberg CP2000 control system and Roland's Pecom system. The Pecom system combines press control, production organization, and production management. China's sheet-fed offset press not only fails to achieve the above-mentioned level of system control, but also some of the advanced and practical technologies that have been popularized in the world are not yet fully cleared or developed. Such as closed-loop control of the ink remote control system, semi-automatic, automatic version of the system, automatic cleaning system, automatic paper change system, print product changes, automatic pre-adjustment system, color monitoring, pre-adjustment system, printing fault display and automatic adjustment system.
Mechanical structure: Computer, electronics, and optical technology are widely used in offset printing machines to make them integrated in machine, light, and electricity. The mechanical structure is simplified and the precision is improved. The gap between our offset presses in these areas is not small.
Auxiliary time: foreign offset printing press replacement from the original 2 hours, shortened to about 10 minutes. China's sheetfed offset press average change time is about 1 hour.
Layout design: In the overall layout design of the machine, more ergonomic design principles are applied. From the past, the design concept of compact structure and small floor space has been shifted to the emphasis on human factors and the coordination of human-machine relations, paying more attention to the working environment. Safe and comfortable, easy to operate, low labor intensity.
(2) Web offset press printing speed: Commercial web offset press has reached a printing speed of about 15 meters per second, that is, a small drum machine (roller length is a cutting size, the same below) is 100,000 revolutions / Hour, China's commercial web offset press speed 35,000 rpm. Large drum machine (roller length is two cutting sizes, the same below) 3-40000 rev / h, China is still blank. The single web for press web presses is between 35,000 and 35,000 revolutions per hour, ie 60,000 to 70,000 off-papers per hour, and 30,000 revolutions per hour for our products. The double big drum is 37,500 rpm, which means that 150,000 pairs of newspapers can be published per hour. Double small cylinder 40,000 rev / h, that is, out of 80,000 newspapers per hour. The latter two devices have not yet been produced in China.
Automatic control: Comprehensive application of computer technology, microelectronics technology, optical fiber communication technology, optical technology and a large number of application software to greatly improve its efficiency and quality. In foreign countries, the following are all mature technologies and are configured according to user requirements:
1 Ink remote control system;
2 automatic registration system (including horizontal, circumferential and diagonal adjustment);
3 automatic splicer (zero-speed automatic splicer, high-speed automatic splicer);
4 Tension control system (commercial machines are mostly two tension control systems);
5 ink flush rare control system;
6 printing quality control, display, adjustment system;
7 folding pages for open edition, all controlled automatically by buttons;
8Automatic paper feeding of news machines, automatic change of paper path when multiple paper paths are used;
9 Semi-automatic, automatic version device. China has ink-colored remote control systems, tension control systems, and automatic ink control system, but the level and stability and stability. Other projects have not yet had the technology of independent intellectual property rights.
Auxiliary equipment:
1 Cut sheet paper devices (commercial web offset, flexo and gravure web presses may be equipped);
2 plus silicon device (for commercial web offset press);
3 rewinding device (web flexographic printing machine, web gravure printing machine, web offset printing machine may be used);
4 receipt machine (web offset press, flexo press can be used);
5 News Web transfer (dragon skeleton), sorting, marking, packaging system for web offset presses;
6 drying device. China already has a single-sheet paper cutting device, a pager, and a rewinding device, but there are still many gaps in its level, and the others are still blank.
new technology:
1 Short ink system (for web offset press and flexo printing press);
2 shaftless transmission technology;
3 narrow groove card plate cylinder;
4 new technology without slot sleeves;
5 no needle folding machine;
6 waterless offset printing;
7 high-speed splint folding machine and so on. With the exception of the plate cylinder of the narrow slot card, the rest of the projects are still in the trial production stage in China. There is no mass production to provide the market, and some projects have not yet been developed.
According to the development of the international printing industry and the reality of our country, after more than two years of research and demonstration, the China Printing and Equipment Industry Association has proposed the development direction of China's printing industry from 1996 to 2010, which is highly summarized as "prepress digital and networked; Multi-color printing, high efficiency; diversified after printing, automation; equipment quality, serialization." This 28-character guideline indicates the direction for the future development of China's printing and equipment equipment industry.
In the era of rapid development of new and high technologies and large numbers of applications, although China's Printing Machinery and equipment have also been greatly developed, due to poor application of high technology and technical innovation, the gap between China's and foreign advanced levels has not only narrowed, but has increased. China's printing machinery and equipment to further reduce the market competitiveness, resulting in high-end equipment basically relies on imports of the situation. Faced with the accelerated development of the knowledge economy, global economic integration, and China’s imminent accession to the WTO, in order to better develop our country's printing machinery and equipment and improve the competitiveness of enterprises, we will use high technology, especially information technology, to transform and upgrade traditional printing machinery and equipment. It is necessary to catch up with the advanced level of foreign printing machinery and equipment as soon as possible.
In the “Ninth Five-Year Plan†period between domestic and foreign countries, China's printing machinery and equipment have made great progress, with more varieties and higher quality. According to the statistics of 69 key printing machine manufacturers, the output value of printers increased by 52.3% in 1995-1999, and the profit and tax increase was 44%, and the profit growth was 40.7%. China has been able to produce mid-range 15,000 sheets per hour sheetfed offset presses, medium and small-scale news web offset presses, commercial web offset presses, flexographic printing presses, form machines, folder-gluers, and hardcover , Paper-laying linkage, CNC cutting machine, CNC die-cutting machine and other important printing machinery and equipment. Medium and low-end printing equipment basically meets the needs of the domestic market, and has a small amount of exports.
I. The gap between prepress equipment The basic direction of the development of the printing industry in the new century is "digital and networked." Printing "digital and networked" began with the rapid development of prepress equipment. Its rapid development has made the gap between our prepress products and foreign countries even greater. In particular, the development and application of CTP computer plate-making machines and related equipment, many prepress equipment will be eliminated. The difference between prepress equipment and foreign countries is mainly manifested in:
1. At present, our country's prepress equipment is still basically a traditional analog process equipment, and most of them are in the middle and low level, such as cameras and color separation machines. In the desktop system that has gradually become popular in printing plants, high-end equipment basically relies on imports, such as high-end scanners, high-precision automatic laser imagesetters, and color printers. The use of high technology to transform and upgrade relevant equipment that adapts to digital process flow, and to develop new digital prepress equipment will be given priority.
2. Digital equipment is mainly CTP plate making and related equipment. Although computer-to-plate (CTP) has developed a prototype in China, it has entered the trial phase, its performance (mainly speed, resolution, degree of automation, imaging methods, etc.) and foreign advanced There are still many gaps compared to the level, and performance and quality have yet to be tested in time. CTP equipment has been rapidly promoted in developed countries. For example, among large printing companies in the United States, more than half are using CTP plate-making equipment, while China has less than 20 imported CTP machines. The related high-end digital cameras and digital proofing machines all rely on imports.
3. There is a big gap between software and hardware. The development trend of printing technology is not only digitizing the prepress process, but also digitizing the entire printing process. At present, in addition to raster image processor (RIP) technology, Chinese character word inventory and a small amount of application software developed by China, many application software needs to be imported. In recent years, research on CIP3, CIP4 and its various PPF, JDF files, PDF files and other general-purpose software and network servers and interfaces have just started in China. The research process of digital workflow system software will directly affect the development of printing and equipment.
Second, the gap between printing equipment With the development of CTP technology, in the successful development of machine imaging, there has been a digital printing press and printing integration. The development of digital printing presses has opened up new directions for the development of printing presses, and provided possibilities for personalized printing and on-demand printing. Digital presses are still in the experimental stage in China and there are still a few roads to reach their application. The gap between traditional printing equipment and high-tech applications is not small. The main performance is less product function; automation, intelligent control level is low; stability, poor reliability. The balance between supply and demand of middle- and low-end products or oversupply, high-end equipment mainly rely on imports.
1. High-grade printing machinery mainly relies on imports. In 1999, China imported a total of 675 million U.S. dollars worth of printing equipment and spare parts, and exported 16.18 million U.S. dollars. The ratio of imports to exports was 41.7:1. The ratio of imports to domestic sales was approximately 1. 1.6:1. That is, domestic equipment accounts for about 40% of the total domestic market.
In 1999, it imported 344.5 million U.S. offset printing machines, which accounted for about 70% of the domestic market. Relevant information shows that only Heidelberg's offset press sales entering the Chinese market in 1999-2000 was approximately equal to the total domestic sales of offset presses in 1999. Among offset presses, single- and double-color offset presses have dominated domestic machines, while multi-color offset presses with higher technological content have been mainly imported. According to statistics, since the reform and opening up, imported multi-color sheetfed offset printing machines accounted for about 75% of the domestic market. At the same time, the market share of home-made sheetfed offset presses has also decreased year by year. According to statistics, between 1998 and 1999, 420 sheetfed offset presses were imported and 79 made in China. The market share of imported machines was 84.17%. In web offset printing presses, the situation is even more serious. There are about 30 commercial web offset presses in China, and only one is domestically produced. More than 90% of multi-color web offset presses with more than 60,000 sheets per hour are imported machines.
More than 200 mid-range flexographic presses were imported, accounting for more than 90% of the domestic market.
More than 580 imported equipment for gravure presses in the mid-range and above, and most of the market is occupied by foreign machines.
Digital presses, which have just begun research in China, are currently all imported.
2. Main gaps of offset presses (1) Printing speed of sheetfed offset presses: The actual printing speed of foreign offset presses has reached 15,000 sheets/hour, and part of the four-platen offset presses has reached 18,000 sheets/hour. The actual printing speed of sheetfed offset presses in China is mostly around 10,000 sheets per hour. Although there are 15,000 sheets per hour of equipment, there is a large gap between the performance and quality of the sheet-fed offset presses and the advanced level in foreign countries.
Automatic Control: In the field of automatic control and intelligent control of foreign offset presses, comprehensive application of computer technology, microelectronics, optical fiber communication technology, optical technology and a large number of application software, almost makes the offset press a "fool machine." Typical examples are the Heidelberg CP2000 control system and Roland's Pecom system. The Pecom system combines press control, production organization, and production management. China's sheet-fed offset press not only fails to achieve the above-mentioned level of system control, but also some of the advanced and practical technologies that have been popularized in the world are not yet fully cleared or developed. Such as closed-loop control of the ink remote control system, semi-automatic, automatic version of the system, automatic cleaning system, automatic paper change system, print product changes, automatic pre-adjustment system, color monitoring, pre-adjustment system, printing fault display and automatic adjustment system.
Mechanical structure: Computer, electronics, and optical technology are widely used in offset printing machines to make them integrated in machine, light, and electricity. The mechanical structure is simplified and the precision is improved. The gap between our offset presses in these areas is not small.
Auxiliary time: foreign offset printing press replacement from the original 2 hours, shortened to about 10 minutes. China's sheetfed offset press average change time is about 1 hour.
Layout design: In the overall layout design of the machine, more ergonomic design principles are applied. From the past, the design concept of compact structure and small floor space has been shifted to the emphasis on human factors and the coordination of human-machine relations, paying more attention to the working environment. Safe and comfortable, easy to operate, low labor intensity.
(2) Web offset press printing speed: Commercial web offset press has reached a printing speed of about 15 meters per second, that is, a small drum machine (roller length is a cutting size, the same below) is 100,000 revolutions / Hour, China's commercial web offset press speed 35,000 rpm. Large drum machine (roller length is two cutting sizes, the same below) 3-40000 rev / h, China is still blank. The single web for press web presses is between 35,000 and 35,000 revolutions per hour, ie 60,000 to 70,000 off-papers per hour, and 30,000 revolutions per hour for our products. The double big drum is 37,500 rpm, which means that 150,000 pairs of newspapers can be published per hour. Double small cylinder 40,000 rev / h, that is, out of 80,000 newspapers per hour. The latter two devices have not yet been produced in China.
Automatic control: Comprehensive application of computer technology, microelectronics technology, optical fiber communication technology, optical technology and a large number of application software to greatly improve its efficiency and quality. In foreign countries, the following are all mature technologies and are configured according to user requirements:
1 Ink remote control system;
2 automatic registration system (including horizontal, circumferential and diagonal adjustment);
3 automatic splicer (zero-speed automatic splicer, high-speed automatic splicer);
4 Tension control system (commercial machines are mostly two tension control systems);
5 ink flush rare control system;
6 printing quality control, display, adjustment system;
7 folding pages for open edition, all controlled automatically by buttons;
8Automatic paper feeding of news machines, automatic change of paper path when multiple paper paths are used;
9 Semi-automatic, automatic version device. China has ink-colored remote control systems, tension control systems, and automatic ink control system, but the level and stability and stability. Other projects have not yet had the technology of independent intellectual property rights.
Auxiliary equipment:
1 Cut sheet paper devices (commercial web offset, flexo and gravure web presses may be equipped);
2 plus silicon device (for commercial web offset press);
3 rewinding device (web flexographic printing machine, web gravure printing machine, web offset printing machine may be used);
4 receipt machine (web offset press, flexo press can be used);
5 News Web transfer (dragon skeleton), sorting, marking, packaging system for web offset presses;
6 drying device. China already has a single-sheet paper cutting device, a pager, and a rewinding device, but there are still many gaps in its level, and the others are still blank.
new technology:
1 Short ink system (for web offset press and flexo printing press);
2 shaftless transmission technology;
3 narrow groove card plate cylinder;
4 new technology without slot sleeves;
5 no needle folding machine;
6 waterless offset printing;
7 high-speed splint folding machine and so on. With the exception of the plate cylinder of the narrow slot card, the rest of the projects are still in the trial production stage in China. There is no mass production to provide the market, and some projects have not yet been developed.
Flat Screen Printer,Uv Curing Machine,Printing Machinery Co., Ltd. , http://www.nsprintmachine.com